Respon Pertumbuhan Tanaman Buncis (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) pada Berbagai Media Tumbuh dan Dosis Pupuk NPK

Abstract

Berbagai macam media tumbuh tanaman (MTT) dikembangkan sebagai alternatif dari kendala terbatasnya lahan yang dimiliki untuk mendukung pertumbuhan tanaman dengan baik hingga dapat menghasilkan produksi yang diharapkan. MTT yang baik harus dapat menjaga ketersediaan air, oksigen dan unsur hara esensial bagi tanaman. Pemberian pupuk untuk menyuplai ketersediaan hara bagi tanaman kerap diikuti oleh kenaikan nilai daya hantar listrik (DHL). Zeoponik yang tersusun dari zeolit, cocopeat, dan kompos memiliki nilai kapasitas tukar kation (KTK) tinggi dan daya sangga yang baik terhadap peningkatan DHL akibat pemupukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan MTT dan dosis pupuk terhadap sifat kimia MTT, pertumbuhan, dan produksi tanaman buncis (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Percobaan pemupukan NPK dilakukan terhadap tanaman buncis pada dua media berbeda dengan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) faktorial yaitu 2 taraf perlakuan jenis media (zeoponik dan nonzeoponik), serta 4 taraf dosis pemupukan (0, 1, 2, dan 3 g kg-1). Respon tanaman beragam terhadap perlakuan. Penggunaan MTT berpengaruh nyata terhadap pH, DHL, nitrogen (N-tersedia), fosfor (P-tersedia dan P-total), KTK, basa-basa (Ca, Mg, K, Na), kejenuhan basa, C-organik, unsur hara mikro (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn) pada media, tinggi tanaman, dan jumlah daun tanaman. Perlakuan dosis pupuk berpengaruh nyata terhadap C-organik, N-tersedia, tinggi dan jumlah daun tanaman, bobot buah buncis, bobot basah dan kering brangkasan tanaman. Secara umum pertumbuhan dan produksi buncis pada media zeoponik lebih cepat daripada media nonzeoponik. Hasil terbaik terdapat pada perlakuan Z2 (Zeoponik + pupuk NPK 2 g kg-1) dengan bobot buah buncis (120,47 g), bobot kering brangkasan (14,48 g), tinggi (76,02 cm) dan jumlah daun tanaman (29 helai).

Various plant growing media (PGM) were developed as an alternative to the issues of limited crop land available to support plant growth well enough so that it can produce the expected production. Proper PGM should be able to maintain the availability of water, oxygen and essential nutrients for plants. Fertilization to supply plant nutrients are often followed by increases the value of electrical conductivity (EC). Zeoponic that made up of zeolites, cocopeats, and compost had high cation exchange capacity (CEC) and good buffer capability against the increasing of EC due to the fertilization. This study was aimed to determine the effect of PGM and dose of fertilizer application on the chemical properties of PGM, growth and production of green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L). The NPK fertilizer experiments on green beans were in two different types of media with factorial completely randomized design (CRD) which were zeoponics and nonzeoponics, as well as four levels fertilization doses (0, 1, 2, and 3 g kg-1 ). Plants respond to the treatments variously. The usage of both PGM took a significant effect in pH, EC, nitrogen (available-N), phosphorus (available-P and total-P), CEC, cation bases (Ca, Mg, K, Na), base saturation, organic-C, micro nutrients (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn) in media, plant height, and the number of plant leaves. The treatment of fertilizer doses significantly effected organic-C, available-N, height of plant, the number of plant leaves, the weight of bean, the wet and dry weight of plant. Generally, growth and production of green beans in zeoponic media were faster than in nonzeoponics. The best results were in the treatment of Z2 (zeoponic + NPK fertilizer 2 g kg-1 ) with the weight of green beans (120,47 g), the dry weight of plant (14,48 g), the height (76,02 cm) and number of plant leaves (29 leaves).