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      Pengembangan Flakes Instan Rendah Indeks Glikemik Berbahan Jagung Manis dan Kacang Merah serta Profil Sensorinya

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      Date
      2023-10-02
      Author
      Daniels, Evan
      Faridah, Didah Nur
      Wulandari, Nur
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      Abstract
      Pola hidup yang sehat dapat membantu menurunkan risiko diabetes, salah satunya dengan mengonsumsi pangan rendah indeks glikemik (IG). Pangan rendah indeks glikemik memiliki karbohidrat non-available yang lebih tinggi. Salah satu bentuk karbohidrat non-available adalah serat pangan. Penelitian sebelumnya melakukan pengembangan produk pangan yang dirancang rendah indeks glikemik karena menggunakan bahan baku yang berserat tinggi dan rendah indeks glikemik, yaitu jagung manis (IG 36) dan kacang merah (IG 26). Produk penelitian tersebut masih perlu pengembangan produk agar lebih baik yaitu dalam hal ketahanan renyah dalam susu yang masih rendah (< 2 menit). Respon penerimaan sensori konsumen belum diketahui, sehingga diperlukan uji sensori. Demikian juga dengan nilai indeks glikemik produk flakes instan tersebut yang belum diketahui, sehingga perlu dilakukan uji indeks glikemik terhadap produk. Oleh karena itu, tujuan penelitian ini adalah: (1) mendapatkan formula produk flakes instan kombinasi jagung manis dan kacang merah yang memiliki ketahanan renyah dalam susu yang memenuhi standar; (2) memperoleh karakteristik fisik dan sensori produk flakes instan; dan (3) menentukan nilai IG produk flakes instan berdasarkan formula terbaik hasil uji sensori. Produk dibuat dalam 5 formula berdasarkan perbandingan proporsi kacang merah terhadap jagung manis, formula 1 (F1) hingga formula 5 (F5), yaitu 40:60, 45:55, 50:50, 55:45, dan 60:40. Uji fisik berupa uji ketahanan renyah dalam susu yang menunjukkan waktu flakes bertahan dalam susu hingga tidak keras dan hingga mulai hancur, uji warna menggunakan Konica Minolta Chromameter CR-400, dan uji tekstur menggunakan TA-XTplus Texture Analyzer. Uji sensori berupa uji Check-All-That-Apply (CATA) dan rating hedonik. Kelima formula memiliki karakteristik ketahanan renyah dalam susu yang sudah sesuai yaitu di atas 2 menit dan menunjukkan peningkatan ketahanan renyah dalam susu seiring bertambahnya proporsi kacang merah. Proporsi kacang merah juga memengaruhi hasil analisis warna yaitu menurunkan lightness, yellowness, chroma, dan Hue pada analisis warna; serta meningkatkan hardness pada analisis tekstur. Berdasarkan uji sensori, F3 (50:50) memiliki presentasi panelis tertinggi yang mulai dari agak suka pada rating hedonik untuk atribut overall dan satisfaction. F3 juga memiliki proporsi kacang merah lebih besar dari F1 yang memiliki nilai overall yang sama; F3 juga memenuhi standar ketahanan renyah dalam susu (mulai hancur dalam waktu > 2 menit) dengan waktu hingga tidak keras yaitu 4,41 menit dan waktu mulai hancur 6,06 menit; dan paling mendekati produk ideal pada uji CATA. Oleh karena itu, F3 dipilih sebagai formula terbaik pada penelitian ini. Produk flakes formula terpilih (F3) yang memiliki indeks glikemik yang tergolong rendah yaitu 28 (< 55) dan memiliki beban glikemikyang rendah yaitu 9,52 per takaran saji.
       
      A healthy lifestyle can help reduce the risk of diabetes, one of which is by consuming foods with a low glycemic index (GI). Foods low on the glycemic index have higher levels of non-available carbohydrates. One form of non-available carbohydrate is dietary fiber. Previous research carried out the development of food products designed to be low on the glycemic index because they use raw materials that are high in fiber and low on the glycemic index, namely sweet corn (GI 36) and red beans (GI 26). The research product still needs product development to make it better, namely in terms of the crunch resistance in milk which is still low (< 2 minutes). The consumer's sensory acceptance response is not yet known, so a sensory test is needed. Likewise, the glycemic index value of the instant flakes product is not yet known, so it is necessary to test the glycemic index of the product. Therefore, the objectives of this research are: (1) to obtain an instant flakes product formula combining sweet corn and red beans that has a crispy resistance in milk that meets standards; (2) obtain physical and sensory characteristics of instant flakes products; and (3) determine the GI value of instant flakes products based on the best formula from sensory test results. The product is made in 5 formulas based on the proportion of red beans to sweet corn, formula 1 (F1) to formula 5 (F5), namely 40:60, 45:55, 50:50, 55:45, and 60:40. The physical test is a crunchy resistance test in milk which shows how long the flakes last in the milk until they are not hard and until they start to crumble, a color test using the Konica Minolta Chromameter CR-400, and a texture test using the TA-XTplus Texture Analyzer. Sensory tests include the Check-All-That-Apply (CATA) test and hedonic rating. The five formulas have suitable characteristics of crisp resistance in milk, namely above 2 minutes, and show an increase in crisp resistance in milk as the proportion of red beans increases. The proportion of red beans also influences the results of color analysis, namely reducing lightness, yellowness, chroma, and hue in color analysis; as well as increasing hardness in texture analysis. Based on the sensory test, F3 (50:50) had the highest panelist presentation ranging from somewhat like to hedonic ratings for overall and satisfaction attributes. F3 also has a greater proportion of red beans than F1 which has the same overall value; F3 also meets the standards for crunchiness in milk (starts to disintegrate in > 2 minutes) with a time until it is not hard, namely 4,41 minutes and a time to start disintegration of 6,06 minutes; and closest to the ideal product in the CATA test. Therefore, F3 was chosen as the best formula in this study. The selected formula flakes product (F3) has a relatively low glycemic index, namely 28 (< 55), and has a low glycemic load, namely 9,52 per serving.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/125730
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      • MT - Agriculture Technology [2430]

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