Evaluasi Keragaan dan Daya Hasil Jagung Manis Hibrida (Zea mays saccharata Sturt.) Hasil Pemuliaan IPB

Abstract

Evaluation of performance and yield is essential in plant breeding activities. This study aims to evaluate the performance and obtain the yield of hybrid sweet corn due to IPB breeding. The research was conducted from January 2023 to April 2023 at the Pasir Kuda PKHT and the AGH IPB Plant Breeding Laboratory. The study consisted of one factor, namely 14 genotypes of hybrid sweet corn. The experiment used a completely randomized block design (RCBD) with three replications. The results showed differences in performance and yield between sweet corn genotypes. Genotype significantly affected all quantitative characters observed except for Anthesis Silking Interval (ASI), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) characters, and seed width. Based on the research results, genotypes SM9.3A.1 x SB.13.1.4, genotypes SB.13.1.3B x T10.97B, and genotypes T10.97B x SB13.1.3B have productivity between 19.01-20.6 tons per hectare higher than the comparison variety Talenta of 13.68 tonnes. The Exsotic control variety had the highest productivity among the test genotypes at 21.33 tonnes. However, it was not significantly different from the T10.97B x SB13.1.3B genotypes, with 20.6 tonnes per hectare productivity. The harvesting age of the test genotypes ranged from 72-75 DAP, and the control varieties ranged from 72-73 DAP. The test genotypes had varying sweetness levels from 11.03-16.57 brix, while the control varieties only ranged from 12.60-12.63 brix.

Evaluasi keragaan dan daya hasil penting dalam kegiatan pemuliaan tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi keragaan dan memperoleh daya hasil jagung manis hibrida hasil pemuliaan IPB. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari 2023 sampai April 2023 di Kebun Percobaan PKHT Pasir Kuda dan Laboratorium Pendidikan Pemuliaan Tanaman AGH IPB. Penelitian terdiri dari satu faktor yaitu 14 genotipe jagung manis hibrida. Percobaan menggunakan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak (RKLT) dengan tiga ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan keragaan dan daya hasil antara genotipe jagung manis. Genotipe berpengaruh nyata terhadap semua karakter kuantitatif yang diamati kecuali pada karakter Anthesis silking interval (ASI), Padatan Terlarut Total (PTT), dan lebar biji. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian genotipe SM9.3A.1 x SB.13.1.4, genotipe SB.13.1.3B x T10.97B, dan genotipe T10.97B x SB13.1.3B memiliki produktivitas antara 19,01-20,6 ton.ha-1 lebih tinggi daripada varietas pembanding Talenta sebesar 13,68 ton.ha-1. Varietas pembanding Exsotic memiliki produktivitas paling tinggi diantara genotipe uji sebesar 21,33 ton.ha-1, namun tidak berbeda nyata terhadap genotipe T10.97B x SB13.1.3B dengan produktivitas sebesar 20,6 ton.ha-1. Umur panen genotipe uji berkisar 72-75 HST dan varietas pembanding berkisar 72-73 HST. Genotipe uji memiliki tingkat kemanisan yang bervariasi dari 11,03-16,57 brix, sedangkan varietas pembanding hanya berkisar 12,60-12,63 brix.