Profil Fitokimia, Aktivitas Antioksidan, dan Antidiabetes Ekstrak Air Kayu Bidara Laut

Abstract

Pengobatan diabetes melitus dengan obat sintetis memiliki efek samping, sehingga dikembangkan obat alami dari kayu bidara laut (KBL). Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan rendemen dan kandungan fitokimia serta menganalisis aktivitas antioksidan dan antidiabetes ekstrak air KBL. Ekstrak air KBL diperoleh dari ekstraksi KBL berdiameter kecil/ KBLK (7-10 cm) dan berdiameter besar/KBLB (14-20 cm) skala pilot dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut air. Ekstrak dianalisis fitokimianya dengan Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) kemudian diuji secara in vitro aktivitas antioksidan dengan metode DPPH dan antidiabetes dengan metode penghambatan α-glukosidase. Rendemen ekstrak KBLK dan KBLB berturut-turut sebesar 0,88% dan 1,55%. Senyawa fitokimia yang terdeteksi di dalam ekstrak KBLK sebanyak 24 senyawa dan KBLB sebanyak 34 senyawa. Aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak air KBLB tergolong sedang (nilai IC50 147,477 µg/mL), sedangkan ekstrak KBLK tergolong lemah (nilai IC50 220,318 µg/mL). Ekstrak air KBL tidak berpotensi memiliki aktivitas antidiabetes karena pada konsentrasi ekstrak 900 ppm, persentase penghambatan enzim α-glukosidase ekstrak KBLB hanya 13,587% dan KBLK hanya 12,812%.

Treating diabetes mellitus with synthetic drugs has side effects, so a natural medicine was developed from bidara laut wood (KBL). This study aims to determine the yield and phytochemical content and analyze the antioxidant and antidiabetic activity of KBL water extract. KBL water extract was obtained from pilot scale extraction of KBL small diameter/ KBLK (7-10 cm) and large diameter/KBLB (14-20 cm) by maceration method using water solvent. The extract was analyzed for their phytochemistry by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) and then tested in vitro for antioxidant activity by the DPPH method and antidiabetic activity by the α-glucosidase inhibition method. KBLK and KBLB extracts yielded 0,88% and 1,55%, respectively. The phytochemical compounds detected in the KBLK extract were 24 compounds and KBLB 34 compounds. The antioxidant activity of KBLB water extract is classified as moderate (IC50 value 147,477 µg/mL), while KBLK extract is classified as weak (IC50 value 220,318 µg/mL). KBL water extract does not have the potential to have antidiabetic activity because at an extract concentration of 900 ppm, the percentage of inhibition of the α-glucosidase enzyme of KBLB extract is only 13,587% and KBLK is only 12,812%.