Pengujian Jenis Substrat Tumbuh Ganoderma Isolat GKR-7 sebagai Biomaterial

Abstract

Kemampuan miselium dalam memanfaatkan limbah lignoselulosa menjadi material berkelanjutan menggunakan energi yang rendah dan tanpa menghasilkan limbah telah menarik minat yang signifikan di bidang akademis dan komersial. Ganoderma sp. dimanfaatkan karena memiliki kolonisasi yang baik dan mampu mengurai komponen utama limbah lignoselulosa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji tiga jenis substrat bermiselium Ganoderma isolat GKR-7 masing-masing serbuk gergajian kayu sengon (SS), jerami padi (JP) dan campuran keduanya (SSJP) dengan perbandingan 1:1 sebagai biomaterial. Ketiga jenis substrat fase vegetatif diuji densitas, daya serap air dan kuat tekannya. Hasil pengujian densitas dari enam ulangan didapatkan nilai rata-rata SSJP lebih tinggi (420 kg/m3) dibandingkan SS dan JP. Hasil pengujian daya serap air menunjukkan ketiga perlakuan menyerap air pada kisaran 162-289%, dengan JP memiliki daya serap air terendah (162%) dibandingkan SS dan SSJP. Hasil pengujian kuat tekan menunjukkan SSJP memiliki kuat tekan tertinggi (0,451 MPa) dibandingkan SS dan JP. Substrat vegetatif Ganoderma Isolat GKR-7 berpotensi sebagai biomaterial dan berpeluang lebih baik dari substrat jamur lain yang pernah diteliti dalam hal densitas, daya serap air dan kuat tekan.

Mycelium’s ability to utilize lignocellulosic waste into sustainable material using low energy and without producing waste has generated significant interest in both research and commercial sectors. Ganoderma sp. is utilized due to its good colonization ability and its capacity to degrade the main components of lignocellulosic waste. This study aims to examine three types of substrates containing mycelium from Ganoderma GKR-7 isolate, respectively sengon wood sawdust (SS), rice straw (JP), and their combination (SSJP) with ratio 1:1 as biomaterial. The three types of vegetative phase substrates were tested for density, water absorption and compressive strength. Density test results from six replications showed that the average SSJP value was higher (420 kg/m3) compared to SS and JP. The results of the water absorption test showed that the three treatments absorbed water in the range of 162-289%, with JP showing the lowest water absorption (162%) compared to SS and SSJP. The compressive strength test showed that SSJP had the highest compressive strength (0,451 MPa) compared to SS and JP. Vegetative substrate of Ganoderma GKR-7 isolate has potential as a biomaterial, and has a higher chance than other fungal substrates that have been studied in terms of density, water absorption, and compressive strength.