Pengaruh Penambahan Limbah Sludge IPAL pada Pupuk NPK Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produktivitas Padi (Oryza sativa) IPB 3S

Abstract

Produktivitas padi di Indonesia beberapa tahun terakhir mengalami penurunan. Peningkatan produktivitas dapat dilakukan dengan penggunaan varietas unggul dan pemberian pupuk dosis rekomendasi yang ditambahkan bahan lain, salah satunya adalah limbah sludge dari instalasi pengolahan air limbah (IPAL). Kandungan unsur hara dalam sludge berpotensi menunjang pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tanaman. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui penambahan sludge IPAL pada pupuk NPK 15-10-12 terhadap pertumbuhan dan produktivitas tanaman padi variestas IPB 3S. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Sawah Baru IPB, Dramaga dari bulan Oktober 2021 hingga Februari 2022. Rancangan yang digunakan rancangan acak kelompok satu faktor pemupukan dengan 6 taraf perlakuan yang diulang sebanyak 4 kali. Konsentrasi sludge IPAL yang digunakan berkisar antara 0,1%-8,0%. Analisis tanah dan pupuk, serta kandungan N, P, K pada daun tanaman padi dilakukan di Laboratorium Pengujian Tanah, Pupuk, dan Tanaman, Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura, Fakultas Pertanian, IPB. Pengamatan meliputi pertumbuhan, produksi, dan komponen produksi padi sawah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan aplikasi pupuk NPK 15-10-12 yang ditambahkan sludge IPAL menghasilkan pertumbuhan dan produktivitas padi yang setara dengan perlakuan pupuk 15-10-12 saja. Kandungan nitrogen pada daun semakin meningkat dengan adanya penambahan sludge IPAL. Pertumbuhan, produksi dan komponen produksi padi diperoleh secara nyata diperbaiki oleh penggunaan pupuk baik tanpa ataupun dengan penambahan sludge IPAL.

The productivity of rice plants in Indonesia has experienced a decline in recent years. Increasing productivity can be achieved through the use of superior varieties and the application of recommended fertilizer doses, which can be supplemented with additional materials, one of which is sludge waste from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The nutrient content in sludge has the potential to support the growth and development of plants. This research aims to evaluate the effect of adding WWTP sludge to NPK 15-10-12 fertilizer on the growth and productivity of IPB 3S rice varieties. The study was conducted at the New Rice Experimental Garden of IPB University, Dramaga, from October 2021 to February 2022. The research design employed a randomized complete block design with a single factor of fertilization, including 6 treatment levels replicated 4 times. Concentrations of WWTP sludge used ranged from 0.1% to 8.0%. Soil and fertilizer analyses, as well as the determination of N, P, and K content in rice plant leaves, were conducted at the Soil, Fertilizer, and Plant Testing Laboratory, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University. Observations included growth, production, and yield components of paddy rice. The research results indicate that the application of NPK 15-10-12 fertilizer supplemented with WWTP sludge produced rice growth and productivity equivalent to using NPK 15-10-12 fertilizer alone. Nitrogen content in the leaves also increased with the addition of WWTP sludge. The use of fertilizer, with or without WWTP sludge, significantly improved the growth, production, and yield components of rice plants.