Pemantapan Satuan Panas sebagai Kriteria Panen Terukur Pisang Raja Bulu (Musa sp. AAB Group)

Abstract

Pisang merupakan buah klimakterik sehingga penting untuk menentukan waktu panen yang tepat dan terukur dengan mangakumulasikan satuan panas yang diterima tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi akumulasi satuan panas 1400 ˚C hari sebagai kriteria panen terukur pisang Raja Bulu. Penandaan tanaman dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan IPB Sukamantri dengan elevasi 520 meter di atas permukaan laut (m dpl) pada bulan Januari hingga Februari 2023 serta pengujian kualitas buah dilakukan pada bulan April hingga Mei 2023 di Laboratorium Pascapanen, Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap faktor tunggal yaitu perbedaan waktu antesis dengan lima perlakuan. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa akumulasi satuan panas ±1400 ˚C hari setelah antesis dapat dijadikan sebagai kriteria panen terukur pisang Raja Bulu dengan umur simpan buah 8–13 hari setelah panen. Perbedaan waktu antesis tidak mempengaruhi komponen hasil produksi, laju respirasi, kualitas fisik, serta kualitas kimia pisang Raja Bulu pada stadia kematangan pascapanen yang sama.

Banana is a climacteric fruit, that is why determining the correct and measurable of harvest time are important and we can do with accumulating heat units received by plants. The objectives of this research were to evaluated the heat unit accumulation of 1400°C day after anthesis as a criteria for measurable harvest of Raja Bulu banana. Plant tagging was started from January to February 2023 at the Experimental Garden of IPB Sukamantri (520 meters above sea level) and postharvest observation was started from October to December2023 in the Postharvest Laboratory, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design with a single factor, time of anthesis, which consisted of five treatments. The experimental results showed that the accumulation of heat units of ±1400°C days can be used as a reference to determine the harvest time of Raja Bulu banana with a shelf life ranging from 8–13 days after anthesis. The difference in the time of anthesis on Raja Bulu banana harvested did not affect the harvest character, respiration rate, physical quality of the fruit, and chemical quality of the fruit at the same postharvest maturity level.