Fitoremediasi Limbah Cair Greywater, Rumah Pemotongan Ayam, dan Pabrik Tahu dengan Tanaman Kangkung Air (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk)

Abstract

Kegiatan masyarakat sehari-hari, pembuangan air limbah industri, dan rumah tangga merupakan faktor-faktor penyebab terjadinya pencemaran lingkungan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membandingkan tingkat pertumbuhan tanaman kangkung air (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk) menggunakan limbah cair greywater (domestik), rumah pemotongan ayam, dan pabrik tahu. Proses penanaman tumbuhan secara hidroponik, pengujian kualitas air, dan pengambilan sampel dilakukan di Laboratorium Seameo Biotrop, Kecamatan Bogor Selatan, Kota Bogor dari Desember 2022 hingga Januari 2023. Analisis data berupa perhitungan nilai parameter kualitas air dan perhitungan rata-rata pengukuran vegetatif. Hasil analisis data yaitu penurunan nilai kualitas air (BOD, COD, dan TSS) dan pertumbuhan vegetatif tanaman yang menunjukkan bahwa limbah cair rumah pemotongan ayam dan greywater lebih efisien tingkat pertumbuhannya dibandingkan limbah cair pabrik tahu. Selain itu, hasil perhitungan indeks pencemaran pada limbah cair greywater dan pabrik tahu mengalami penurunan yang signifikan dikarenakan kandungan organiknya sudah menurun akibat proses fitoremediasi dan pengenceran air dan rumah pemotongan ayam mengalami kenaikan sedikit dikarenakan memiliki kandungan amonia.

Daily community activities, disposal of industrial and household wastewater are factors that cause environmental pollution. The purpose of this study was to compare the growth rates of water spinach plants (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk) using greywater (domestic) wastewater, chicken slaughterhouses, and tofu factories. The process of growing plants hydroponically, testing water quality, and taking samples was carried out at the Seameo Biotrop Laboratory, South Bogor District, Bogor City from December 2022 to January 2023. Data analysis in the form of calculating the value of water quality parameters and calculating the average vegetative measurements. The results of data analysis, namely the decrease in the value of water quality and plant growth which shows that the liquid waste of chicken slaughterhouses is more efficient in its growth rate compared to greywater wastewater and chicken slaughterhouses. In addition, the results of the calculation of the pollution index in greywater and tofu factory wastewater have decreased significantly because the organic content has decreased due to the phytoremediation process and water dilution and the chicken slaughterhouse has increased slightly due to the ammonia content.