Penentuan Dosis Optimum Pemupukan P pada Tanaman Kacang Tunggak (Vigna unguiculata L.)

Abstract

Kacang tunggak merupakan tanaman Leguminoceae yang dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan pangan, pakan, dan bahan baku industri karena potensi hasil yang cukup tinggi. Varietas Albina IPB merupakan salah satu varietas dengan potensi hasil yang tinggi mencapai 3,88–4,69 ton ha-1 . Salah satu tindakan budidaya yang dapat diupayakan untuk mencapai potensi hasil salah satunya dengan pemupukan. Tujuan penelitian ini mempelajari pengaruh pupuk P dan memperoleh dosis pupuk P yang optimal untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman kacang tunggak. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dari bulan Desember 2022 sampai Maret 2023 di Kebun Cikabayan Bawah. Pengamatan dilakukan di Laboratorium Pasca Panen dan Laboratorium Mikroteknik. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Kelompok Lengkap Teracak faktor tunggal yaitu lima taraf dosis pupuk P dan terdapat tiga ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan pemberian pupuk dengan lima taraf perlakuan tidak menunjukan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap semua peubah pengamatan. Meskipun tidak berpengaruh nyata terdapat indikasi penurunan bobot kering daun tanaman terhadap penambahan dosis pupuk P. Hasil yang diperoleh tidak berpengaruh nyata tetapi terdapat indikasi peningkatan hasil pada bobot kering biji per tanaman, bobot bintil akar, indeks panen, bobot basah polong per ubinan, bobot kering polong per ubinan, dan bobot kering biji per ubinan. Meskipun demikian, belum diperoleh dosis optimum pemupukan P untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman kacang tunggak.

Cowpea is a Leguminoceae plant that can be used as food, feed, and industrial raw materials due to its high yield potential. The Albina IPB variety is one of the varieties with high yield potential reaching 3,88–4,69 tons ha-1 . One of the cultivation actions that can be pursued to achieve potential result is fertilization. The purpose of this study was to study the effect of P fertilizer and to obtain the optimal dose of P fertilizer to increase the growth and production of cowpea plants. This research was conducted from December 2022 to March 2023 at the Lower Cikabayan Gardens. Observations were made at the Postharvest Labotary and the Microtechnic Laboratory. The study used a single factor randomized complete block design, namely five levels of P fertilizer doses, and there were three replications. The results showed that the application of fertilizer at five treatment levels did not show a significant effect on all observation variables. Although it did not have a significant effect, there were indications of a decrease in the dry weight of plant leaves with the addition of P fertilizer doses. The results obtained did not have a significant effect, but there were indications of an increase in yield on seed dry weight per plant, root nodule weight, harvest index, pod wet weight per tile, dry weight of pods per tile, and seed dry weight per tile. However, the optimum dose of P fertilization has not yeet been obtained to increase the growth and production of cowpea plants.