Penampilan Agronomi Galur Harapan IPB untuk Peningkatan Produktivitas Padi (Oryza sativa L.)

Abstract

Konsumsi beras yang tinggi dan semakin meningkatnya jumlah penduduk Indonesia menjadi tantangan upaya peningkatan produktivitas tanaman padi. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan penampilan agronomi serta produktivitas padi galur harapan IPB. Penelitian dilakukan pada September 2022 hingga Januari 2023 di Kebun Percobaan Sawah Baru, IPB Dramaga, Bogor, Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak dengan lima perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Perlakuan yang diuji berupa empat galur harapan IPB dan varietas IPB 3S yang ditanam menggunakan sistem jarwo 4:1. Galur padi yang digunakan yaitu AR18, FK22, H56, H88, dan varietas IPB 3S sebagai tanaman pembanding. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa penampilan agronomi empat galur harapan IPB terhadap varietas IPB 3S tidak menunjukkan perbedaan tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan, bobot kering tajuk, SPAD, luas daun bendera, laju fotosintesis, sudut kemiringan daun bendera, jumlah malai per rumpun, jumlah dan bobot gabah per rumpun, jumlah dan bobot gabah isi per rumpun, persentase gabah isi, dan bobot 1000 butir. Umur berbunga varietas IPB 3S lebih cepat dibandingkan AR18 dan FK22 dan tidak berbeda dengan H56 dan H88. Proyeksi produktivitas empat galur harapan IPB berkisar 7,92 - 11,24 ton/ha, tidak berbeda dengan IPB 3S (9,55 ton/ha). Galur H56 dapat diuji lanjut di lapangan karena menunjukkan keunggulan potensi hasil, bobot 1000 butir yang tinggi, ukuran daun bendera yang besar dan umur berbunga yang sama dengan IPB 3S.

Increasing rice consumption as the consequence of the increasing population in Indonesia are a challenge for efforts to increase rice productivity. This research aims to compare the agronomic performance and productivity of IPB promising lines. The research was conducted from September 2022 to January 2023 at the Sawah Baru Experimental Field, IPB Dramaga, Bogor, West Java. This study used a completely randomized block design with five treatments and three replications. The treatments tested included four genotypes of IPB promising lines and IPB 3S planted using a 4:1 row ratio system. The rice genotypes used were AR18, FK22, H56, H88, and IPB 3S as a comparison variety. The results showed that the agronomic performance of four promising lines IPB compared to the IPB 3S variety showed no significant differences in plant height, number of tillers, shoot dry weight, SPAD, flag leaf area, photosynthetic rate, leaf angle, flag leaf leght, number of panicles per hill, number and weight of grains per hill, number and weight of filled grains per hill, percentage of filled grains, and 1000- grain weight. However, variations were observed in flowering time, with the IPB 3S variety flowering earlier than AR18 and FK22, however IPB 3S deading time showed no different with H56 and H88. The projected productivity of the four IPB promising lines ranged from 7.92 to 11.24 tons/ha, showed no different with IPB 3S (9,55 ton/ha). Line 56 could be recommended for further field trial since the line showed high potential yield, 1000 grains weight, a long flag leaf, and the same duration of heading time with IPB 3S.