Studi Perbandingan Pengelolaan Hutan Rakyat di Kecamatan Sumpiuh, Kabupaten Banyumas dan di Kecamatan Kawali, Kabupaten Ciamis

Abstract

Pengelolaan hutan rakyat terdiri dari empat subsistem yang membangun di dalamnya, yaitu subsistem produksi, pengolahan, pemasaran dan kelembagaan. Setiap subsistem di suatu wilayah dapat memiliki persamaan maupun perbedaan, tergantung pihak-pihak yang terlibat di dalamnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pengelolaan hutan rakyat di Kecamatan Sumpiuh, Kabupaten Banyumas dan di Kecamatan Kawali, Kabupaten Ciamis, mengidentifikasi persamaan dan perbedaan pengelolaan hutan rakyat, dan menjelaskan pembelajaran dari pengalaman praktik pengelolaan hutan rakyat. Metode yang digunakan berupa komparasi secara deskriptif dengan menggunakan data kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Sampel yang dipilih sebanyak 68 sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Karakteristik petani hutan rakyat di kedua lokasi penelitian didominasi oleh usia produktif, tingkat pendidikan rendah, pekerjaan utama didominasi oleh penderes di Banyumas dan petani di Ciamis, pengalaman bertani kategori lama, luas kepemilikan lahan terbilang sempit, pemeliharaan tanaman dan pengolahan kayu oleh petani yang masih sederhana. Terdapat industri penggergajian di kedua lokasi penelitian dan industri mebel di Banyumas, industri penggergajian yang mencari bahan baku langsung ke petani, dan terdapat kelompok tani dengan fokus kegiatan berbeda. Pembelajarannya yaitu masyarakat mengusahakan jenis tanaman selain kayu yang memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi, dan keberadaan industri kayu skala besar dibutuhkan di dekat hutan rakyat.

Community forest management consists of four subsystems that are built within it, namely production, processing, marketing and institutional subsystems. Each subsystem in an area can have similarities or differences, depending on the parties involved in it. This study aims to describe community forest management in Sumpiuh District, Banyumas Regency and in Kawali District, Ciamis Regency, identify similarities and differences in community forest management, and explain lessons learned from practical experience in community forest management. The method used is a descriptive comparison using qualitative and quantitative data. 68 samples were selected using purposive sampling method. Characteristics of smallholder forest farmers in the two study locations were dominated by productive age, low education level, the main occupation was dominated by tapers in Banyumas and farmers in Ciamis, old category of farming experience, relatively narrow landholding area, plant maintenance and wood processing by farmers are still simple. There is a sawmill industry in both research locations and furniture in Banyumas, a sawmill industry that seeks raw materials directly from farmers, and there are farmer groups with different activity focuses. The lesson learned is that the community cultivates types of plants other than wood that have high economic value, and the presence of large-scale timber industries is needed near community forests.