Post-Ultrasonication Assisted pada Ekstraksi Material Biokalsium dari Tulang Rawan Sclera Mata Tuna

Abstract

Kekurangan kalsium tetap menjadi tantangan utama kesehatan dunia. Teknik pemanasan menjadi metode utama yang diterapkan dalam produksi kalsium. Inovasi ultrasound dalam membantu ekstraksi tulang rawan sclera mata tuna membuka peluang baru pengembangan biokalsium. Penelitian bertujuan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi proses ekstraksi material biokalsium dari tulang rawan sclera dan menentukan karakteristik material biokalsium dari tulang rawan sclera mata tuna dengan variasi waktu ultrasonikasi. Penelitian meliputi karakteristik mata tuna, tulang rawan sclera dan material biokalsium, serta karakteristik material biokalsium tulang rawan sclera dengan bantuan ultrasound (5, 15, dan 25 menit). Biokalsium dari sclera mata tuna dapat dihasilkan melalui modifikasi proses penghilangan lemak, deproteinase menggunakan enzim, autoclaving, dan penggilingan. Waktu ultrasonikasi terpilih (UT-25 menit) dapat mengurangi ukuran partikel pada material biokalsium 1,59±0,10μm. Kandungan mineral kalsium yang dihasilkan 21,32±2,03%, fosfor 8,72±0,27%, rendemen 84,64±0,06% dan pH 7,67±0,25, dengan fasa hidroksiapatit tertinggi pada sudut 44,93◦. Konfirmasi pita serapan kalsium hidroksiapatit pada panjang gelombang 1021cm-1, serta dapat mempengaruhi struktur permukaan material sehingga memudahkan pelepasan kalsium dari material biokalsium tulang rawan sclera.

Calcium deficiency remained a major global health challenge. Conventionally, heating techniques were the primary method used in calcium production. Ultrasound innovation assisted in the extraction of calcium from tuna sclera cartilage of fish offered new opportunities for biocalcium development. The research aims to enhance the efficiency of the extraction process for biocalcium material from sclera cartilage and determine the characteristics of biocalcium material from tuna sclera cartilage with varying ultrasound durations. The research included the characteristics of tuna eyes, sclera cartilage, and biocalcium material, as well as the characteristics of biocalcium material from tuna sclera cartilage with the assistance of ultrasound (5, 15, and 25 minutes). Biocalcium is produced from tuna sclera through modified processes involving fat removal, deproteinization using enzymes, autoclaving, and grinding. The selected ultrasound duration (UT-25 minutes) reduced the particle size of the biocalcium material to 1.59±0.10μm. The resulting calcium mineral content was 21.32±2.03%, phosphorus was 8.72±0.27%, yield was 84.64±0.06%, and pH was 7.67±0.25, with the highest hydroxyapatite phase at an angle of 44.93°. Confirmation of calcium hydroxyapatite absorption bands occurred at a wavelength of 1021 cm-1. The result might affect the surface of the material, that allows calcium to be released from sclera cartilage.