Analisis Kelayakan Pengelolaan dan Pengolahan Sampah Plastik Rumah Tangga Menjadi Paving Block (Studi Kasus: Kampung Kebon Kopi, Desa Cibanteng, Kabupaten Bogor)
Abstract
Rumah tangga yang terletak di Kampung Kebon Kopi terbiasa membakar
sampah plastik akibat tidak adanya Tempat Pembuangan Akhir Sementara (TPAS).
Untuk itu, kegiatan pengangkutan sampah plastik rumah tangga untuk diolah
menjadi paving block merupakan salah satu bentuk implementasi konsep 3R
(Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) yang dapat mengatasi permasalahan tersebut. Penelitian
ini bertujuan untuk mengestimasi kesediaan masyarakat membayar jasa
pengelolaan (iuran) sampah plastik rumah tangga, menganalisis kelayakan finansial
agar usaha yang dilakukan dapat berjalan secara layak, serta mengetahui dampak
ekonomi dan lingkungan yang dapat timbul. Metode yang digunakan meliputi
Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) melalui Willingness to Pay (WTP), analisis
kelayakan usaha dengan Net Present Value (NPV), Net Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR),
Internal Rate of Return (IRR), dan Payback Period (PP) sebagai indikator, serta
analisis deksriptif. Hasil penelitian mengindikasikan bahwa nilai rata-rata WTP
rumah tangga belum mampu untuk mendorong mereka melakukan pemilahan
sampah, sehingga penetapan iuran berdasarkan nilai WTP minimum dipilih sebagai
alternatif yang paling sesuai. Selain itu, hasil analisis kelayakan finansial skenario
II dengan menerapkan iuran pengangkutan sampah rumah tangga menunjukkan
bahwa proyek pengolahan sampah plastik menjadi paving block layak dijalankan.
Terdapat juga potensi dampak yang timbul berupa munculnya lapangan kerja baru
dan pengurangan emisi di udara. Households in Kebon Kopi Village are accustomed to burning plastic waste
due to the absence of a Temporary Final Disposal Site (TPAS). Therefore, the
activity of transporting household plastic waste to be processed into paving blocks
is one form of implementing the concept of 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) that can
address this problem. This research aims to estimate the willingness of the
community to pay for household plastic waste management services (fees), analyze
the financial feasibility to ensure that the business conducted can operate properly,
and identify the potential economic and environmental impacts. The methods used
include the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) through Willingness to Pay
(WTP), business feasibility analysis using Net Present Value (NPV), Net Benefit
Cost Ratio (BCR), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Payback Period (PP) as
indicators, as well as descriptive analysis. The research results indicate that the
average value of WTP of households is not yet able to encourage them to sort waste,
so the determination of fees based on the minimum WTP value is chosen as the
most appropriate alternative. Furthermore, the results of the financial feasibility
analysis for scenario II which includes the implementation of household waste
transportation fees indicate that the project of processing plastic waste into paving
blocks is feasible. There is also the potential for impacts such as the emergence of
new job opportunities and the reduction of air emissions.