Karakteristik Papan Partikel Pelepah Pinang dengan Perekat Poli-Urea-Formaldehida pada Kadar Perekat yang Berbeda

Abstract

Papan partikel secara umum diproduksi menggunakan bahan baku kayu dengan perekat urea-formaldehida beremisi tinggi pada suhu dan tekanan tertentu. Partikel pelepah pinang (non-kayu) menjadi salah satu alternatif pengganti kayu sebagai bahan baku papan patikel. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh kadar perekat poli-urea-formaldehida pada sifat fisis, mekanis, dan emisi formaldehida papan partikel pelepah pinang. Serta menganalisis kadar perekat poli- urea-formaldehida yang optimum. Papan partikel dibuat dengan menggunakan kadar perekat berbeda (6%, 8%, 10%, 12%, dan 14%). Papan partikel dibuat dengan kerapatan target 0,8 g/cm3 dan ukuran 25 x 25 x 1,2 cm. Evaluasi sifat fisis, sifat mekanis, dan emisi formaldehida papan partikel mengacu pada Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) 03-2105-2006. Analisis statistik menunjukkan bahwa kadar Perekat poli-urea-formaldehida memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap pengembangan tebal, daya serap air, internal bonding, MOR, MOE, dan emisi formaldehida. Sedangkan pada kadar air dan kerapatan, kadar perekat tidak berpengaruh nyata. Papan partikel yang dihasilkan menggunakan kadar perekat poli-urea-formaldehida 14 % menghasilkan kadar air, internal bonding, dan emisi formaldehida sudah memenuhi standar SNI 03-2105-2006 tipe 8.

Particle board is generally produced using wood as raw material with a high emission urea-formaldehyde adhesive at a certain temperature and pressure. Areca bark particle (non-wood) is an alternative to wood as raw material for particle boards. This study aims to analyze the effect of poly-urea-formaldehyde adhesive content on the physical, mechanical, and formaldehyde emission properties of areca nut fiber boards. As well as analyzing the optimum level of poly-urea-formaldehyde adhesive. Particle board was made using different levels of adhesives (6%, 8%, 10%, 12%, and 14%). Particle board was made with a target density of 0,8 g/cm3 and a size of 25 x 25 x 1.2 cm. Evaluation of the physical properties, mechanical properties, and formaldehyde emission of particle board conforms to the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 03-2105-2006. Statistical analysis showed that the level of poly-urea-formaldehyde adhesive had a significant effect on thickness expansion, water absorption, internal bonding, MOR, MOE, and formaldehyde emission. Meanwhile, the adhesive content had no significant effect on water content and density. Particle board produced using poly-urea-formaldehyde adhesive content of 14% produces water content, internal bonding, and formaldehyde emissions that comply with SNI 03-2105-2006 type 8 standards.