Karakterisasi Bakteri Asam Laktat yang Berasal dari Orang Utan Sumatra (Pongo abelii) sebagai Kandidat Probiotik

Abstract

Penggunaan probiotik sebagai alternatif dari antibiotik saat ini mulai dikembangkan karena mampu memberikan keuntungan bagi kesehatan orang utan. Probiotik yang tergolong sebagai Bakteri Asam Laktat (BAL) mampu menjadi antioksidan, antikanker, imunomodulator, serta antiinflamasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi dan karakterisasi BAL pada orang utan sumatra (Pongo abelii) sebagai kandidat probiotik. Sampel yang digunakan berasal dari masing-masing 5 feses orang utan sumatra Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser dan Taman Safari Indonesia. Feses diinokulasikan pada media selektif MRSA (de Man Rogosa Sharpe Agar). Koloni-koloni yang tumbuh lalu dimurnikan. Koloni tumbuh lalu diidentifikasi melalui pewarnaan Gram dan uji biokimia. Koloni teridentifikasi BAL dilakukan karakterisasi probiotik mencakup uji ketahanan garam NaCl (NaCl 2%, 4%, dan 6,5%), uji ketahanan pH (pH 2 dan pH 3), serta uji ketahanan garam empedu (MRS Bile Salt Broth 0,3% dan 1%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari 28 isolat teridentifikasi jenis bakteri sebanyak 26 isolat. Sebanyak 22 isolat BAL dilanjutkan untuk pengujian karakterisasi probiotik. Hasil karakterisasi pada 22 isolat BAL menunjukkan sebanyak 12 isolat, mencakup 6 genus yang mengarah spesifik pada 8 spesies, memiliki karakter sebagai kandidat probiotik yakni Macrococcus sp., Lactobacillus sp., Streptococcus sp., Weissella sp., Pediococcus sp., dan Aerococcus spp. Sebanyak 10 isolat lainnya berpotensi sebagai probiotik namun perlu ditinjau kembali.

The use of probiotics as an alternative to antibiotics is currently being developed due to their benefits to orangutans’ health. Probiotic bacteria classified as Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) are capable of being antioxidants, anticancer, immunomodulators, and anti-inflammatories. This study aims to identify and characterize LAB in Sumatran orangutan (Pongo abelii) as probiotic candidates. The samples used are from the feces of each 5 individuals of Sumatran orangutans from Taman Safari Indonesia and Gunung Leuser National Park. The feces inoculated to a selective media MRSA (de Man Rogosa Sharpe Agar). The growing colonies were then purified on a separate MRSA and then incubated. Growing colonies were identified through Gram staining and biochemistry test. Colonies identified as LAB were then subjected to probiotic characterization including NaCl salt resistance tests (NaCl 2%, 4%, and 6.5%), pH resistance tests (pH 2 and pH 3), and bile salt resistance tests (MRS Bile Salt Broth 0, 3% and 1%). The results showed that from 28 isolates, 26 of them is identified into species of bacteria. The amount of 22 isolates identified as LAB then were continued to the probiotic characterization test. The characterization results showed the 12 isolates, which consist of 6 genus that specifically led to 8 species, presented the probiotic candidate characters which were Macrococcus sp., Lactobacillus sp., Streptococcus sp., Weissella sp., Pediococcus sp., and Aerococcus spp. Other 10 isolates were also potential as probiotics but needed to be reviewed.