Respon Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Beberapa Varietas Padi (Oryza sativa L.) pada Inokulasi Cendawan Mikoriza Arbuskula (CMA)

Abstract

Aplikasi cendawan mikoriza arbuskula (CMA) sebagai pupuk hayati merupakan salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan produktivitas padi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari respon inokulasi CMA pada varietas padi IPB 3S, Ciherang, Jatiluhur dan IPB 9G. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan dua faktor, yaitu inokulasi CMA dan 4 varietas tanaman padi. Benih yang telah diinokulasi disemai dan dipelihara selama 14 hari, kemudian dipindahkan ke dalam pot dan dipelihara di rumah kaca selama 19 minggu setelah semai (MSS). Pengamatan parameter vegetatif dilakukan pada umur yang berbeda. Tinggi tanaman dilakukan pada umur 9, 14 dan 19 MSS, jumlah daun pada umur 9, dan 14 MSS, jumlah anakan pada umur 14, dan 19 MSS, jumlah malai pada umur 19 MSS. Pada umur 19 MSS dilakukan pengataman vegetatif berupa tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan, jumlah malai, kolonisasi CMA, dan parameter generatif seperti volume dan bobot kering akar, bobot kering batang, bobot kering daun, bobot kering malai, jumlah gabah, persentase gabah isi, dan indeks panen. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan perlakuan CMA pada tanaman padi meningkatkan pertumbuhan vegetatif seperti tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan umur 14 MSS, jumlah daun dan jumlah malai. CMA mampu meningkatkan produksi tanaman padi pada karakter bobot kering malai, jumlah gabah isi, total jumlah gabah, persentase gabah isi, dan indeks panen. Varietas padi baik yang diinokulasi CMA maupun tidak, meningkatkan pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan umur 14 MSS, jumlah daun, bobot malai, bobot batang, bobot daun, jumlah, gabah isi, dan total jumlah gabah. Setiap varietas padi memiliki respon yang sama terhadap inokulasi CMA

Application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) as a biofertilizer is one of the efforts to enhance rice productivity. This study aimed to investigate the response of AMF inoculation on the rice varieties namely IPB 3S, Ciherang, Jatiluhur, and IPB 9G. The research employed a completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors, vis AMF inoculation and four varieties of rice plants. Inoculated seeds were germinated and maintained for 14 days, then transferred to pots and grown in a greenhouse for 19 weeks after sowing (WAS). Observations of vegetative parameters were conducted at different stages. Plant height was measured at 9, 14, and 19 WAS, number of leaves at 9 and 14 WAS, number of tillers at 14 and 19 WAS, and number of panicle at 19 WAS. At 19 WAS, vegetative measurements such as plant height,number of tillers, number of panicle, root colonization by AMF and rice, as well as generative parameters including root volume and dry weight, stem dry weight, leaf dry weight, panicle dry weight, number of grains, percentage of filled grains, and harvest index were recorded. The results showed that AMF treatment in rice plants enhanced vegetative growth, such as plant height, number of tillers at 14 WAS, number of leaves, and number of panicle at 19 WAS. AMF also increased rice plant production in terms of panicle dry weight, number of filled grains, total grain number, percentage of filled grains, and harvest index. Both AMF-inoculated and non-inoculated rice varieties exhibited similar responses in terms of plant height, number of tillers at 14 WAS,number of leaves, panicle weight, stem weight, leaf weight, number of filled grains, and total grain numbers. Each rice variety showed the same response to AMF inoculation.