Tingkah Laku Ayam IPB-D1 dengan Jenis Kelamin Berbeda pada Pemeliharaan Sistem Free-Range

Abstract

Segala aktivitas yang dilakukan ayam disebut tingkah laku. Tingkah laku yang diekspresikan ayam disebabkan faktor eksternal maupun internal. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari tingkah laku ayam IPB-D1 jantan dan betina pada sistem pemeliharaan free-range. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji T untuk membandingkan rataan jumlah tingkah laku ayam IPB-D1 jantan dan betina. Variable yang diamati meliputi tingkah laku makan, minum, lokomosi, mandi debu, bertengger, mengais, dan agonistik. Hasil penelitian berbeda nyata (P<0,05) antara ayam IPB-D1 jantan dengan betina pada tingkah laku makan, lokomosi, mengais, dan agonistik di dalam kandang, serta berbeda nyata (P<0,05) pada tingkah laku makan, minum, lokomosi, dan agonistik di umbaran. Tidak ada perbedaan (P>0,05) antara ayam jantan dan betina pada tingkah laku minum dan bertengger di dalam kandang, serta tidak ada perbedaan (P>0,05) pada tingkah laku mandi debu dan mengais di umbaran. Ayam IPB-D1 di dalam kandang lebih banyak melakukan tingkah laku makan, sedangkan di umbaran lebih banyak melakukan tingkah laku lokomosi. Tingkah laku agonistik di dalam kandang maupun di umbaran lebih banyak dilakukan ayam IPB-D1 jantan daripada betina.

All activities carried out by chickens are called behavior. The behavior expressed by chickens is caused by external and internal factors. This study aims to study the behavior of male and female IPB-D1 chickens in the free-range rearing system. Data were analyzed using the T-test to compare the average number of behaviors of male and female IPB-D1 chickens. The observed variables included eating, drinking, locomotion, dust bathing, perching, scratching, and agonistiic behavior. The results of the study were significantly different (P<0,05) between male and female IPB-D1 chickens in eating, locomotion, scratching, and agonistic behavior in the cage, and significantly different (P<0,05) in the behavior of eating, drinking, locomotion, and agonistic in the free-range. There was no difference (P>0,05) between male and female chickens on the behavior of drinking and perching in the cage, and there was no difference (P>0,05) in the behavior of dust bathing and scratching. IPB-D1 chickens in the cage did more eating behavior, while in free-range they did more locomotion behaviors. Agonistic behavior in the cage and in the free-range was mostly done by male IPB-D1 chickens than by females.