Diagnostik Daya Saing Perdagangan dan Determinan Ekspor Komoditas Buah-buahan Indonesia

Abstract

Ekspor buah-buahan Indonesia ditentukan oleh daya saing komoditas buahbuahan Indonesia dan faktor lainnya. Pada penelitian ini daya saing buah-buahan Indonesia dianalisis dengan metode Trade Competitiveness Diagnostic (TCD) yang meliputi Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage, Trade Balance Index, Intra Industry Trade Index, Trade Complementarity Index, serta Index of Export Market Penetration. Analisis data panel digunakan untuk menganalisis determinan yang memengaruhi nilai ekspor buah-buahan Indonesia ke negara tujuan. Hasil analisis TCD menunjukkan secara umum komoditas buah-buahan belum berdaya saing secara komparatif, bersifat net importir, memiliki penetrasi pasar yang rendah, serta masih bersifat inter industri (one way trade). Kendati demikian, buah-buahan Indonesia memiliki komplementaritas perdagangan yang tinggi. Selanjutnya, hasil analisis data panel menunjukkan determinan yang memengaruhi nilai ekspor buahbuahan Indonesia ke negara tujuan meliputi GDP riil negara tujuan, jarak ekonomi, kurs riil, harga ekspor dan RSCA.

Indonesian fruit exports are determined by the competitiveness of the fruits among other factors. In this research, Indonesian fruit competitiveness is analyzed using the Trade Competitiveness Diagnostic (TCD) method which involves: Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage, Trade Balance Index, Intra Industry Trade Index, Trade Complementary Index, and the Index of Export Market Penetration. Panel data analysis is used to analyze the determinants that influence the export of fruits to the destination countries. TCD results show that in general fruits are not yet comparatively competitive, are net importers, have low market penetration power, and are still inter-industrialized (one way trade). Nevertheless, Indonesian fruits have high trade complementarity. Furthermore, panel analysis results show that the determinants that influence the export value of Indonesian fruits to destination countries include the destination country’s real GDP, economic distance, real exchange rate, export value, and RSCA.