Penambahan Alat Pengayaan Foraging Food dan Perilaku Harian Macaca fascicularis di Penangkaran PSSP IPB Dramaga

Abstract

Pemeliharaan monyet ekor panjang (MEP) pada pusat penangkaran sangat penting dalam penyedia hewan model penelitian yang berasal dari penangkaran dan bukan dari alam liar. Penambahan pengayaan di penangkaran perlu diperhatikan karena berkaitan dengan kesejahteraan hewan. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan penelitian untuk mengobservasi dan menganalisis pengaruh penambahan alat pengayaan (fire hose square knot browser) terhadap perilaku harian MEP PSSP IPB. Pengamatan perilaku harian MEP menggunakan metode scan sampling dan instantaneous sampling pada interval waktu 5 menit dengan total 288 jam pengamatan. Data dikumpulkan dan dianalisis menggunakan uji ANOVA, uji Mann-Whitney, dan uji Kruskal-Wallis di perangkat lunak RStudio. Uji lanjut Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) dilakukan apabila terdapat beda nyata di uji ANOVA (p < 0,05). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perilaku harian MEP berbeda nyata saat penambahan alat fire hose square knot browser. Alat pengayaan foraging food memberikan stimulus kognitif dan manipulatif untuk MEP penangkaran. Penambahan alat pengayaan meningkatkan perilaku makan, berpindah, affiliative, autogrooming, dan seksual MEP. Selain itu, menurunkan perilaku istirahat, agonistik, stereotipe MEP. Alat pengayaan tidak menimbulkan stres bagi MEP penangkaran. Penambahan alat pengayaan meningkatkan kesejahteraan hewan di penangkaran dengan mendorong perilaku aktif MEP sehingga mengurangi perilaku agonistik dan stereotipe.

Animal care management of long-tailed macaques (LTM) in captive centers is essential in providing research model animals that come from captivity. Additional enrichment in captivity must be considered because it relates to animal welfare. Therefore, a study was conducted to observe and analyze the effect of adding an enrichment tool (fire hose square knot browser) on the daily behaviour of the LTM PSSP IPB group. Observation of the daily behaviour of LTM used scan sampling and instantaneous sampling methods (5-minute intervals) for 288 hours of observation. Data were collected and analyzed using the ANOVA, Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis tests in RStudio software. The Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was carried out if there was a significant difference in the ANOVA test (p <0,05). The results showed that LTM daily behaviour significantly differed when adding a fire hose square knot browser. Foraging enrichment tools provide a cognitive and manipulative stimulus for captive LTMs. The addition of enrichment tools increased LTM feeding, switching, affiliative, auto grooming, and sexual behaviours. It also decreases resting, agonistic, stereotyped LTM behaviour. The enrichment tools are stress-free for captive LTMs. Adding enrichment tools improves animal welfare in captivity by encouraging active LTM behaviour.