Analisis Karakteristik Kimia, Biologi dan Organoleptik Eco-enzyme Berbahan Baku Kulit: Nanas, Melon, Pepaya dan Pisang

Abstract

Eco-enzyme merupakan larutan hasil fermentasi limbah organik. Dalam pembuatan eco-enzyme digunakan gula, limbah organik seperti kulit buah atau sayur, dan air dengan perbandingan masing-masing 1:3:10. Eco-enzyme dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai pupuk, pestisida, cairan pembersih rumah tangga, serta dapat digunakan untuk mengurangi pencemaran air dan udara. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui karakteristik kimia, biologi dan organoleptik eco-enzyme berbahan baku kulit: nanas, melon, pepaya dan pisang pada jenis gula yang berbeda serta mengetahui potensi eco-enzyme sebagai pupuk organik cair. Hasil analisis kimia menunjukkan bahwa eco-enzyme memiliki pH di bawah 4,00 serta eco-enzyme mengandung N, P, K, dan C-Organik yang masih dibawah standar mutu pupuk organik cair. Eco-enzyme kulit pepaya memiliki kandungan N-Total dan P tertinggi dibanding perlakuan kulit buah lainnya. Eco-enzyme kulit pisang memiliki kandungan K dan C-Organik tertinggi dibanding perlakuan kulit buah lainnya. Kandungan N, P, K dan C-Organik perlakuan gula merah lebih tinggi dibanding perlakuan gula pasir. Hasil analisis karakteristik biologi eco-enzyme menunjukkan bahwa total mikrob dan fungi perlakuan gula merah lebih tinggi dibanding perlakuan gula pasir. Hasil uji organoleptik menunjukkan bahwa eco-enzyme memiliki aroma asam khas fermentasi dan memiliki warna kuning-kecoklatan hingga coklat.

Eco-enzyme is a solution of organic waste fermentation. Eco-enzyme produced by sugar, organic waste such as fruit peels or vegetables, and water in a ratio of 1:3:10. Eco-enzymes can be used as fertilizer, natural pesticides, household cleaners, and can be used to reduce water and air pollution. This study aims to determine the chemical, biological, and organoleptic characteristics of eco-enzymes made from peels of: pineapple, melon, papaya and banana on different types of sugar and to determine the potential of eco-enzymes as an organic liquid fertilizer. The chemical analysis results showed that the eco-enzyme has a pH below 4.00 and the content of N, P, K and organic carbon in eco-enzyme are below the range of values in the quality standards of liquid organic fertilizer. Eco-enzyme from papaya peel has the highest N and P content compared to other fruit skin treatments. Eco-enzyme from banana peel has the highest K and organic carbon content compared to other fruit peel treatments. The content of N, P, K and organic carbon in the palm brown sugar treatment was higher than the white sugar treatment. The results of the analysis of the biological characteristics of the eco-enzyme showed that the total microbe and fungi treated with palm brown sugar were higher than white sugar. The results of the organoleptic test showed that the eco-enzyme has a sour fermented scent and a brownish-yellow to brown color.