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      Pengembangan Pengujian Mutu Benih Jagung (Zea mays) Secara Nondestruktif Menggunakan Metode Akustik

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      Date
      2023
      Author
      Pratami, Dea Aryanti
      Suhartanto, M. Rahmad
      Maddu, Akhiruddin
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      Abstract
      Pengujian mutu benih dapat dilakukan secara langsung dan tidak langsung. Pengujian mutu secara tidak langsung dapat dilakukan menggunakan metode akustik (gelombang berdiri) dengan mengukur kemampuan benih menyerap gelombang bunyi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan metode tidak langsung dan nondestruktif pengujian mutu vigor dan kadar air (KA) benih jagung berdasarkan absorpsi gelombang bunyi menggunakan metode gelombang berdiri. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari˗Maret 2023 di Laboratorium Penyimpanan dan Pengujian Benih dan Laboratorium Fisika Lanjut, IPB Dramaga, Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktor tunggal. Percobaan pertama dilakukan untuk memilih kombinasi jumlah benih (90; 120; 150 butir) dan 10 frekuensi (1275-5100 Hz, kelipatan 425 Hz) terbaik berdasarkan nilai koefisien absorpsi benih sebagai acuan percobaan selanjutnya. Percobaan kedua dilakukan dengan mengkombinasikan faktor KA (8,7%; 12,1%; dan 13,8%) dan frekuensi terpilih. Percobaan ketiga dilakukan dengan mengkombinasikan frekuensi terpilih dan tingkat vigor benih yang diperoleh dari pengusangan cepat. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi 150 butir dan frekuensi terpilih 3400; 3825; 4250 Hz merupakan hasil terbaik untuk digunakan pada percobaan selanjutnya. Metode gelombang berdiri dapat membedakan tingkat KA 8,7% dan 13,8%, serta membedakan tingkat vigor benih jagung dengan tolok ukur radicle emergence pada frekuensi 3825 Hz. Metode tersebut dipengaruhi oleh ketebalan, densitas, dan susunan posisi benih.
       
      Seed quality testing can be conducted through direct and indirect methods. The indirect method can be conducted by acoustic methods (standing wave) which measures the sound wave absorption capacity of seeds. This study aimed to develop an indirect and non-destructive method for testing the quality of vigor and moisture content (MC) of corn seeds based on the absorption of sound waves using the standing wave method. The research was conducted from January to March 2023 at the Seed Storage and Testing Laboratory and Advanced Physics Laboratory, IPB Dramaga, West Java. This study used a single factor, Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The first experiment was conducted to choose the best combination of seed bulk (90; 120; 150 seeds) and 10 frequencies (1275-5100 Hz, the multiple of 425 Hz) based on the seed absorption coefficient to be used for the next experiments. The second experiment was carried out with the combination of MC (8.7%; 12.1%; 13.8%) and chosen frequencies. The third experiment was conducted within the combination of chosen frequencies and seed vigor levels obtained from accelerated aging. The result showed that the combination of 150 seeds and 3400; 3825; and 4250 Hz of chosen frequencies was the best result to be used for further experiments. The standing wave method could distinguish between 8.7% and 13.8% of MC levels, and distinguish the vigor level of corn seeds with the radicle emergence benchmark at 3825 Hz of frequency. This method is influenced by the thickness, density, and the formation of seed bulk
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/120102
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      • UT - Agronomy and Horticulture [7622]

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