Rantai Pasok Perdagangan dan Strategi Pengelolaan Berkelanjutan Pari Air Tawar Dilindungi di Sungai Musi, Sumatera Selatan

Abstract

Pemerintah Indonesia telah menerbitkan aturan perlindungan penuh terhadap tiga spesies pari air tawar di Sungai Musi yaitu pari tutul (Fluvitrygon oxyrhynchus), pari pinggir putih (Fluvitrygon signifier), dan pari raksasa (Urogymnus polylepis) melalui Keputusan Menteri Kelautan dan Perikanan (Kepmen-KP) Nomor 1 Tahun 2021 tentang Jenis Ikan yang Dilindungi. Namun, peraturan tersebut terbukti belum efektif dan masih terjadi penangkapan bahkan perdagangan pari air tawar di pasar lokal secara bebas. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengungkap kondisi ekonomi yang melatarbelakangi penangkapan ilegal pari air tawar dan dan menyusun strategi untuk mendukung konservasi pari air tawar di Sungai Musi, Sumatera Selatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif, margin pemasaran, matrix of alliance, conflicts, tactical objectives, and recommendations (MACTOR), dan analytical hierarchy process (AHP). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa rantai pasok pari air tawar singkat dan melibatkan aktor pemasaran yang terbatas. Perdagangan pari air tawar ilegal menghasilkan margin pemasaran yang tinggi sehingga mendorong terjadinya perdagangan ilegal. Program konservasi yang menjadi prioritas diantaranya sosialisasi kepada masyarakat, penelitian terkait pari air tawar, serta peningkatan pengawasan melalui penambahan jumlah pengawas perikanan ataupun peningkatan peran Pokmaswas. Peran dari relay actors penting untuk mendukung keberhasilan program konservasi.

The Indonesian government has issued full protection rules for three species of freshwater stingrays in the Musi River, namely spotted stingrays (Fluvitrygon oxyrhynchus), white edge stingrays (Fluvitrygon signifier), and giant stingrays (Urogymnus polylepis) through a Decree of the Minister of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries (Kepmen-KP) Number 1 of 2021 concerning Protected Fish Species. However, these regulations have proven to be ineffective and there are still free fishing and even trading of freshwater stingrays in the local market. This study aims to reveal the economic conditions behind the illegal fishing of freshwater stingrays and develop a strategy to support the conservation of freshwater stingrays in the Musi River, South Sumatra. This study uses descriptive analysis methods, marketing margins, matrix of alliances, conflicts, tactical objectives, and recommendations (MACTOR), and analytical hierarchy process (AHP). The results of the analysis show that the supply chain of freshwater stingrays is short and involves limited marketing actors. The illegal freshwater stingrays trade generates high marketing margins which encourages illegal trade. Priority conservation programs include socialization to the community, research related to freshwater stingrays, and increased supervision through increasing the number of fishery supervisors or increasing the role of Pokmaswas. The role of relay actors is important to support the success of conservation programs.