Karakterisasi abnormalitas embrio somatik kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq)
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Date
2008Author
Sianipar, Nesti F.
Wattimena, G.A.
Suhartono, Maggy T.
Aswidinnoor, Hajrial
Toruan-Mathius, Nurita
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Kelapa sawit merupakan tanaman penghasil minyak nabati utama di
Indonesia dan memegang peranan penting untuk memenuhi kebutuhan minyak
nabati dalam negeri. Untuk meningkatkan peranan kelapa sawit dilakukan
intensifikasi dan ekstensifikasi tanaman kelapa sawit. Untuk mencapai
peningkatan perluasan areal pertanaman kelapa sawit membutuhkan bibit yang
sangat besar. Salah satu cara penyediaan bibit kelapa sawit dapat melalui kultur
jaringan. Kelebihan melalui kultur jaringan adalah mampu menghasilkan bibit
dalam jumlah yang banyak dalam waktu yang relatif singkat. Namun demikian,
kendala utama bibit hasil kultur jaringan adalah masalah abnormalitas pada organ
reproduktif yang diduga terkait dengan perubahan genetik dan epigenetik selama
masa pembentukan embrio somatik (ES). Oilpalm is the most important vegetable oil producing plant in Indonesia.
A mass production of oilpalm transplants to support new oilpalm estate can be
conducted through tissue culture. However, the primary problem of tissue culture
generated transplants is increasingly reproductive abnormalities postulated due to
the genetic and/or epygenetic changes during somatic embryo (SE) formation.
The objectives of this research were (1) to characterize abnormality of somatic
embryos at several growth stages, (2) to study the genetic change of SEs at several
growth stages and their plantles, and (3) to study the relationship of cytosine
methylation of genomic DNA and abnormality at several SE growth stages and
plantlets. Genetic characterization was accomplished by RAPD and RAF
technique. Epigenetic characterization was conducted by RP-HPLC and RAFmethylation
sensitive technique. The results showed that morphological
characterization on SE at globular, heart form scutellar, and cotyledon resulted
that there were morphological variations.
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- DT - Agriculture [727]