Analisis Dampak Ekonomi dan Strategi Pengelolaan Wisata yang Adaptif Pasca Covid-19 di Pulau Pahawang Lampung
Abstract
Covid-19 memberikan dampak buruk bagi pariwisata di Indonesia. Tekanan pada industri pariwisata sangat terlihat dengan penurunan yang besar pada jumlah wisatawan. Akibat adanya kebijakan pembatasan menyebabkan kunjungan wisata mengalami penurunan. Kawasan wisata Pulau Pahawang merupakan wisata unggulan di Lampung dan lokasi wisata ini menjadi lokasi sumber mata pencaharian masyarakat sekitar, namun dengan adanya Covid-19 memberikan dampak buruk bagi kegiatan wisata. Berdasarkan hal tersebut penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) menganalisis dampak ekonomi yang timbul sebelum dan saat pandemi Covid-19 di Kawasan Wisata Pulau Pahawang; (2) mengestimasi daya dukung kawasan wisata Pulau Pahawang sebelum dan saat pandemi, (3) menganalisis strategi adaptif pengelolaan kawasan wisata Pulau Pahawang akibat pandemi. Metode analisis yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah multiplier effect, daya dukung fisik, dan Analitycal Hierarchy Process (AHP). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hadirnya pandemi Covid-19 menyebabkan nilai Keynesian Income Multiplier mengalami penurunan dan nilainya kurang dari satu sehingga memberikan dampak yang rendah. Sementara itu Ratio Income Multiplier tipe I dan II mengalami kenaikan dan memilki nilai lebih dari satu sehingga berdampak baik bagi masyarakat. Daya dukung kawasan wisata Pulau Pahawang berada pada under carrying capacity, dimana sebelum Covid-19 sebesar 10.436 orang/hari dan saat Covid-19 sebesar 7.693 orang/hari. Alternatif strategi pengelolaan yang akan dilakukan adalah pengelolaan potensi SDA dan SDM. Covid-19 has had a negative impact on tourism in Indonesia. The pressure on the tourism industry is very visible from the large decline in the number of tourists. Tourist visits have decreased as a result of the restriction policy. The Pahawang Island tourist area is a leading tourist area in Lampung and this tourist location is a source of livelihood for the local community, but the presence of Covid-19 has had a negative impact on tourism activities. This study aims to (1) analyze the economic impact that arose before and during the Covid-19 pandemic in the Pahawang Island Tourism Area; (2) estimating the carrying capacity of the Pahawang Island tourism area before and during the pandemic; and (3) analyzing post-pandemic adaptive strategies for managing the Pahawang Island Tourism Area. The analytical methods used in this study are the multiplier effect, carrying capacity analysis, and the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The results showed that the presence of the Covid-19 pandemic caused the Keynesian Income Multiplier value to decrease, but the Type I and II Income Multiplier Ratios each increased so that it had a good impact on society. The carrying capacity of the Pahawang Island tourist area is at under carrying capacity, with 10.436 people/day before Covid-19 and 7.693 people/day during Covid-19. An alternative management strategy that can be carried out is management of potential natural recources and human recources.