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      Kajian Perubahan Tutupan Lahan terhadap Karakteristik Hidrologis serta Strategi Prioritas Pengelolaan Hutan Penelitian Gunung Dahu

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      Date
      2023-04
      Author
      Saputra, Nevky Emiraj
      Wibowo, Cahyo
      Tarigan, Suria Darma
      Lisnawati, Yunita
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      Abstract
      Kawasan Hutan Penelitian Gunung Dahu dibangun pada tahun 1997, yang merupakan kerjasama antara Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hutan (kini, Pusat Standardisasi Instrumen Pengelolaan Hutan Berkelanjutan) dengan Komatsu, Jepang. Kegiatan penanaman dilakukan pada tahun 1997-1999 dengan luas yang ditanami 160 ha. Kegiatan penanaman tersebut berpengaruh pada perubahan tutupan lahan di kawasan Hutan Penelitian Gunung Dahu. Perubahan tutupan lahan akibat dilakukannya penanaman jenis meranti telah dirasakan manfaatnya oleh masyarakat. Seiring dengan berkembangnya Hutan Penelitian Gunung Dahu dalam peningkatan tutupan lahan hutan meranti maka peningkatan kemampuan infiltrasi menjadi lebih baik, sehingga dengan demikian suplai ketersediaan air dari berbagai mata air lebih kontinyu dengan debit yang lebih besar dibanding sebelumnya. Namun, sampai saat ini belum ada penelitian yang berfokus pada kondisi hidrologis pasca dilakukannya penanaman di Hutan Penelitian Gunung Dahu. Karena itu, kajian mendalam mengenai kondisi hidrologis pasca dilakukannya penanaman di Hutan Penelitian Gunung Dahu, dianggap perlu. Salah satu tool yang dapat menganalisis kondisi hidrologi suatu kawasan adalah Soil and Water Assesment Tool (SWAT). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perubahan tutupan lahan beserta pengaruhnya terhadap karakteristik hidrologis di Hutan Penelitian Gunung Dahu serta mendapatkan rekomendasi kebijakan prioritas dalam pengelolaan sumberdaya air di kawasan Hutan Penelitian Gunung Dahu secara berkelanjutan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dampak dari penanaman yang dilakukan oleh Puslitbanghut dan Komatsu pada tahun 1997-1999 telah meningkatkan jumlah tutupan lahan berhutan sampai 113,8%. Berdasarkan hasil analisis model Soil Water Asessment Tools perubahan tutupan lahan berdampak pada kondisi hidrologis dengan peningkatan curah hujan sebesar 43.3%, aliran lateral sebesar 127% dan aliran dasar sebesar 483,8% serta penurunan aliran permukaan 5,8%. Rekomendasi prioritas kebijakan pengelolaan sumberdaya air di Hutan Gunung Dahu yang dianalisis menggunakan Analytical Hierarchy Process menghasilkan bahwa kebijakan pengelolaan kawasan ke depan harus dilaksanakan melalui kegiatan perencanaan konservasi sumber daya air secara sinergis oleh para pihak, agar pembagian peran pengelolaan lebih jelas dan terstruktur. Dengan demikian, setiap pihak memiliki kewajiban dan tanggung jawab bersama dalam pengelolaan kawasan. Selain itu, kesejahteraan dan pendidikan bagi masyarakat sekitar kawasan harus menjadi perhatian bersama para pihak mulai dari pengelola maupun pemerintah agar di kemudian hari perambahan hutan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan sehari-hari tidak terjadi lagi.
       
      The Gunung Dahu Research Forest Area was established in 1997, which is a collaboration between the Center for Forest Research and Development (now, Center for Standardization of Sustainable Forest Management) and Komatsu, Japan. Planting activities were carried out in 1997-1999 with a planted area of 160 ha. These planting activities have an effect on land cover changes in the Gunung Dahu Research Forest area. Changes in land cover due to meranti planting have been felt by the community. Along with the development of the Gunung Dahu Research Forest in increasing the land cover of meranti forest, the infiltration capacity increases for the better, so that the supply of water availability from various springs is more continuous with a larger discharge than before. However, until now there has been no research that focuses on post-planting hydrological conditions in the Gunung Dahu Research Forest. Because of this, an in- depth study of the hydrological conditions after cultivating in the Gunung Dahu Research Forest was deemed necessary. One tool that can analyze the hydrological conditions of an area is the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). This study aims to analyze land cover changes and their effects on hydrological characteristics in the Gunung Dahu Research Forest and to obtain priority policy recommendations in sustainable management of water resources in the Gunung Dahu Research Forest area. The results showed that the impact of planting carried out by Puslitbanghut and Komatsu in 1997-1999 had increased the amount of forested land cover to 113,8 %. Based on the analysis of the Soil Water Assessment Tools model, land cover changes have an impact on hydrological conditions with an increase in rainfall of 43,29%, lateral flow by 127% and base flow by 483,8 % and a decrease in surface runoff by 5,8%. Recommendations on priority policies for water resources management in the Gunung Dahu Forest which were analyzed using the Analytical Hierarchy Process resulted in that future management policies for the area should be implemented through water resources conservation planning activities synergistically by the parties, so that the division of roles for cultural and cultural management is clear. Thus, each party has joint obligations and responsibilities in managing the area. In addition, the welfare and education of the people living around the area must be a common concern for all parties, starting from the management and the government, so that inthe future the expansion of the forest to meet their daily needs will not occur again.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/116964
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      Copyright © 2020 Library of IPB University
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      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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