Pola Komunikasi Organisasi Program Kawasan Mandiri Pangan di Kabupaten Bangka Tengah

Abstract

Program Kawasan Mandiri Pangan (KMP) adalah program bantuan pemerintah melalui Kementerian Pertanian untuk Pelaku Utama dan Pelaku Usaha berupa pemberian modal usaha produktif (on-farm, off-farm dan non-farm) yang tergabung dalam Kawasan Mandiri Pangan di daerah rawan dan rentan pangan. Untuk mencapai keberhasilan program KMP, anggota didampingi oleh fasilitator program KMP yang bertugas mendampingi kelompok masyarakat dalam pengembangan usaha produktif secara rutin dan menyampaikan informasi program KMP sesuai petunjuk teknis. Penelitian bertujuan mendeskripsikan pola komunikasi organisasi program KMP, dan mengidentifikasi usaha-usaha atau aktivitas komunikasi yang dilakukan pendamping dalam mendampingi program KMP serta mendeskripsikan dampak program KMP. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Koba pada bulan Februari-Mei 2022. Penelitian menggunakan paradigma konstruktivis dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi kasus. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik triangulasi dengan menggunakan berbagai teknik pengumpulan data yaitu observasi, wawancara mendalam, dan dokumentasi. Data yang diperoleh diolah melalui tahapan: (1) kondensasi data (data condensation), (2) penyajian data (data display) dan (3) penarikan kesimpulan dan verifikasi (drawing and verifying conclusions). Analisis data kualitatif menggunakan Nvivo 12 dan dibantu secara manual. Tahap penentuan informan menggunakan metode purposive. Karakter karakter pendamping program KMP yang telah ditentukan, sebagai berikut: (1) pendamping program KMP yang bertugas di wilayah Kawasan Mandiri Pangan di tingkat kabupaten, kecamatan, dan desa, (2) pendamping program KMP yang telah memiliki pengalaman mendampingi program pemerintah, dan (3) pendamping program yang berperan sebagai pengelola, pengawas dan pengurus program KMP. Penelitian menentukan jumlah informan sebanyak dua puluh tiga orang pendamping program terdiri dari empat orang dari kabupaten, sembilan orang dari kecamatan, dan sepuluh orang dari desa. Lokasi penelitian menggambarkan keadaan penduduk yang sebagian besar berada di daerah rawan dan rentan pangan. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Guntung, Desa Terentang III, Desa Penyak, Desa Kurau dan Kurau Barat Kecamatan Koba, Kabupaten Bangka Tengah yang berada di pesisir pantai. Dinas Pangan adalah Organisasi Perangkat Daerah di Kabupaten Bangka Tengah yang memiliki tugas mensukseskan program KMP yang bekerjasama dengan Badan Ketahanan Pangan di tingkat Pusat, Badan Ketahanan Pangan di tingkat provinsi, kantor kecamatan, Balai Penyuluhan Pertanian, pihak kantor desa serta organisasi lainnya yang terlibat dalam pelaksanaan program KMP. Keterkaitan antara pola komunikasi, usaha-usaha atau aktivitas komunikasi pendamping program KMP dan dampak program KMP pada penelitian digambarkan dari komunikasi antar organisasi di tingkat pusat, provinsi, kabupaten, kecamatan dan desa. Temuan-temuan tersebut ditampilkan dalam v hasil penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada program Kawasan Mandiri Pangan di Kabupaten Bangka Tengah ada 2 jenis pola komunikasi berdasarkan teori Devito (2019) yaitu pola komunikasi chain pattern dan pola komunikasi star pattern. Pola komunikasi chain pattern terjadi pada tahap persiapan, penumbuhan, pengembangan dan kemandirian program KMP. Pola komunikasi star pattern terjadi pada tahap exit strategi keberlanjutan program KMP. Usaha-usaha atau aktivitas komunikasi yang dilakukan pendamping program KMP meliputi komunikasi dengan kelompok afinitas melalui pendataan Data Dasar Rumah Tangga dan Sasaran Rumah Tangga, penyusunan Rencana Usaha Anggota, Rencana Usaha Kelompok, Rencana Usaha Bersama, menganalisis dan memverifikasi usaha calon penerima manfaat program KMP, melakukan kunjungan rutin, melakukan ice breaking, mengikuti pelatihan-pelatihan, sosialisasi, workshop, apresiasi, mengingatkan anggota kelompok afinitas dalam pengembalian dana pinjaman, belajar dengan pendamping program KMP lainnya, membantu menyusun administrasi dan laporan kelompok afinitas, menjaga kekompakan kelompok dan membantu komunikasi dengan dinas terkait dalam pengajuan pembangunan sekretariat LKM. Dampak program Kawasan Mandiri Pangan (KMP) di Kabupaten Bangka Tengah meliputi 1) dampak program KMP terhadap aktivitas komunikasi Pendamping program KMP meliputi kemampuan mengorganisir kelompok, kemampuan memimpin anggota kelompok (leadership), kemampuan menggunakan bahasa dalam menyampaikan isi/pesan komunikasi, dan kemampuan komunikasi pendamping program KMP dalam menjalin komunikasi dengan organisasi lainnya (mitra pendamping), 2) dampak program KMP terhadap aktivitas komunikasi kelompok afinitas meliputi kemampuan pengurus kelompok afinitas dalam mengumpulkan anggota, kemampuan menjalin komunikasi dengan pendamping program KMP, kemampuan meneruskan informasi, kemampuan dalam menyampaikan laporan, kemampuan dalam menjaga kekompakan kelompok, kemampuan komunikasi anggota kelompok afinitas dalam mengikuti rapat kelompok, dan 3) dampak program KMP terhadap Rumah Tangga Miskin meliputi penurunan dan peningkatan jumlah Rumah Tangga Miskin, perkembangan usaha anggota kelompok afinitas meliputi usaha yang berhasil dan usaha yang gagal, dan dampak program KMP terhadap dinamika pendapatan, dinamika daya beli dan dinamika kemudahan dalam menjangku akses pangan.

The Kawasan Mandiri Pangan (KMP) Program is a government assistance program through the Ministry of Agriculture for Main Actors and Business Actors in the form of providing productive business capital (on-farm, off-farm, and non farm) incorporated in Food Independent Areas in food insecure and vulnerable areas. To achieve the success of the KMP program, members are accompanied by The KMP program facilitator who is in charge of assisting community groups in developing productive businesses on a regular basis and delivering KMP program information according to technical guidelines. The study aims to describe the communication patterns of the KMP program organization and identify efforts or communication activities carried out by companions in accompanying the KMP program and describe the impact of the KMP program. The research was conducted in Koba District in February-May 2022. The research uses a constructivist paradigm with a qualitative approach and the research design used is a case study. Data collection techniques use triangulation techniques using various data collection techniques, namely observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The data obtained are processed through stages: (1) data condensation, (2) data analysis (data display), and (3) drawing and verifying conclusions. A qualitative data analysis using Nvivo 12 and assisted manually. The stage of determining informants using the purposive method. The characteristics of the KMP program companions that have been determined are as follows: (1) KMP program assistants who serve in the Food Independent Area area at the district, sub-district, and village levels, (2) KMP program assistants who have experience accompanying government programs, and (3) program assistants who act as managers, supervisors, and administrators of the KMP program. The study determined the number of informants as many as twenty three program assistants consisting of four people from the district, nine people from the sub-district, and ten people from the village. The research location describes the condition of the population, most of whom are in vulnerable and food-vulnerable areas. The research was conducted in Guntung Village, Terentang III Village, Penyak Village, Kurau Village, and West Kurau, Koba District, Bangka Tengah Regency on the coast. The Food Service is the Regional Apparatus in Bangka Tengah Regency which has a gas to-gas success of the KMP program in collaboration with the Food Security Agency at the Central level, the Food Security Agency at the provincial level, the sub-district office, the Agricultural Extension Center, the village office and other organizations involved in the implementation of the KMP program. The relationship between communication patterns, efforts or communication activities of KMP program assistants and the impact of KMP programs on research is described from communication between organizations at the central, provincial, district, sub-district, and village levels. These findings are shown in the results of the study. The results of the study show that in the Kawasan Mandiri Pangan (KMP) program in Bangka Tengah Regency, there are two types vii of communication patterns based on Devito's theory (2019), namely the chain pattern communication pattern and the star pattern communication pattern. The chain pattern communication pattern occurs in the stages of preparation, growth, development, and independence of the KMP program. The star pattern communication pattern occurs at the exit stage of the KMP program sustainability strategy. Businesses or communication activities carried out by KMP program assistants include communication with affinity groups through data collection of Basic Household Data and Household Targets, preparation of Member Business Plans, Group Business Plans, Joint Business Plans, analyzing and verifying the efforts of potential beneficiaries of the KMP program, conducting regular visits, conducting ice breaking, attending pieces of training, socialization, workshops, appreciation, reminding members of the affinity group in the repayment of loan funds, studying with other KMP program assistants, helping to compile the administration and reports of the affinity group, maintaining group cohesion and assisting communication with relevant agencies in the submission of the construction of the MFI secretariat. The impact of the Kawasan Mandiri Pangan (KMP) program in Bangka Tengah Regency includes 1) the impact of the KMP program on communication activities The KMP program companion includes the ability to organize groups, the ability to lead group members (leadership), the ability to use language in conveying communication contents/messages, and the communication ability of KMP program companions in establishing communication with other organizations (companion partners), 2) the impact of the KMP program on the communication activities of the affinity group includes the ability of the affinity group management in gathering members, the ability to establish communication with KMP program assistants, the ability to forward information, the ability to submit reports, the ability to maintain group cohesion, the communication ability of affinity group members in participating in group meetings, and 3) the impact of the KMP program on poor households include a decrease and increase in the number of poor households, the business development of affinity group members including successful businesses and failed businesses, and the impact of the KMP program on income dynamics, purchasing power dynamics and convenience dynamics in supporting food access.