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      Pengembangan Formula Zeoponik untuk Media Tumbuh Tanaman Hias Variegata

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      Date
      2023
      Author
      Randrikasari, Octaviana
      Widjaja, Hermanu
      Suwardi
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      Abstract
      Zeoponik merupakan media tumbuh tanaman (MTT) berbahan dasar zeolit yang dicampur dengan bahan lain seperti kompos, cocopeat, dan pupuk. Zeoponik sebagai MTT memiliki KTK yang tinggi sehingga dapat meredam lonjakan EC dan butiran zeolit yang berwarna kelabu kehijauan dapat menambah indahnya tanaman hias dalam pot. Tanaman hias daun variegata menjadi perhatian karena harga jual yang mahal dan memiliki motif daun yang menarik serta warna daun yang beragam. Permasalahan tanaman hias daun variegata yakni warna daun beragam yang dimilikinya hanya bisa bertahan sementara waktu, sehingga diperlukan penggunaan media tumbuh tanaman dengan dosis pupuk yang tepat untuk tanaman hias variegata agar sifat variegata dapat bertahan lama. Penelitian ini bertujuan mencari formulasi komposisi pupuk pada media tumbuh tanaman zeoponik untuk mendukung pertumbuhan dan mempertahankan keindahan Epipremnum aureum “Marble Queen” dan Peperomia obtusifolia “Green Gold” dan mengetahui perubahan sifat kimia MTT pada 12 minggu setelah tanam (MST). Percobaan pot di rumah kaca Kebun Percobaan disusun menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Faktor yang diuji berupa jenis dan dosis pupuk yang ditambahkan pada zeoponik terdiri atas pupuk makro dan mikro. Parameter pertumbuhan yang diamati berupa tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, jumlah, panjang lebar daun dan kandungan klorofil. Analisis MTT pada 12 MST dilakukan terhadap parameter sifat kimia dan kandungan hara yaitu pH, EC, C-organik, KTK, K-dd, Na-dd, Cadd, Mg-dd, KB, N-tersedia, P-tersedia, dan Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, B, Mo dan Ni. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa formula zeoponik yang memberikan pertumbuhan dan keindahan penampilan yang paling baik untuk tanaman Epipremnum aureum “Marble Queen” adalah MTT P7 dengan dosis pupuk Fe 0,96 mg/l; Cu 0,67 mg/l; Mn 2,69 mg/l, dan Zn 1,67 mg/l. Formula zeoponik yang memberikan pertumbuhan dan keindahan penampilan yang paling baik untuk tanaman Peperomia obtusifolia “Green Gold” adalah MTT P6 dosis pupuk Fe 0,38 mg/l; Cu 0,27 mg/l; Mn 1,08 mg/l, dan Zn 0,67 mg/l. Setelah 12 MST, MTT mengalami perubahan sifat kimia penurunan pH, peningkatan EC, peningkatan nitrat, dan peningkatan unsur mikro Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn serta penurunan Mo dan B. Kandungan klorofil daun berkorelasi negatif terhadap peningkatan Fe, Cu, Mn, dan Zn.
       
      Zeoponics is a plant growth media (PGM) made from zeolite mixed with other materials such as compost, cocopeat, and fertilizers. Zeoponics as PGM because it has high CEC so it can reduce the high EC and there are zeolite grains with color greenish-grey color can add the beauty of ornamental plants in pots. Variegated plants are a concern because of high selling price and also various leaf colors. The problem of variegated ornamental plants are the various leaf colors can only last temporarily, so it is necessary to use plant growth media with the right dose of fertilizers to long last the variegated properties of ornamental variegata plants. This study aims to find formulations of fertilizers composition in zeoponics plant growth media to support plant growth and maintain the beauty appearance of Epipremnum aureum “Marble Queen” and Peperomia obtusifolia “Green Gold” and to find out changes in chemical properties of plant growth media after planting (12 WAP). The pot experiments in greenhouse was arranged using a completely randomized design (CRD) with the factor tested were the type and dose of fertilizers consisting of macro and micro fertilizers. The growth parameter observed were plant height, stem diameter, number of leaf, leaf length, leaf width and chlorophyll content. PGM analysis at 12 WAP was carried out on parameters of chemical properties and nutrient content by measuring pH, EC, C-organic, CEC, Exch-K, Exch-Na, Exch-Ca, Exch-Mg, base saturation, N-available, P-available, and Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, B, Mo and Ni. The research result showed that zeoponic formulation that provided the best growth and beauty appearance for Epipremnum aureum “Marble Queen” was PGM P7 with the dose of Fe 0,96 mg/l; Cu 0,67 mg/l; Mn 2,69 mg/l, and Zn 1,67 mg/l. Zeoponic formulation that provided the best growth and beauty appearance for Peperomia obtusifolia “Green Gold” was PGM P6 with the dose of Fe 0,38 mg/l; Cu 0,27 mg/l; Mn 1,08 mg/l, and Zn 0,67 mg/l. After 12 WAP, the PGM change in chemical properties were decreased pH, increased EC, increased nitrate, increased micro nutrient such as Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn and also decreased Mo and B. Chlorophyll value has a negative correlation with the increase of Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/116268
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      • UT - Soil Science and Land Resources [2823]

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      Copyright © 2020 Library of IPB University
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      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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