Pengaruh Pupuk Kandang Sapi terhadap Pertumbuhan Talas Beneng (Xanthsoma undipes K.Koch)

Abstract

Talas beneng merupakan komoditas komersial baru yang luas areal pertanamannya semakin meningkat. Namun demikian, teknis budidaya khususnya terkait pemupukan masih belum banyak diketahui. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian dosis pupuk kandang sapi terhadap pertumbuhan talas beneng (Xanthosoma undipes K.Koch). Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Leuwikopo IPB mulai April sampai Desember 2021. Aksesi yang digunakan adalah aksesi talas beneng Banten (A1), talas beneng Bondowoso (A2), dan talas pakan Nusa Tenggara Timur (A3). Perlakuan dosis pupuk kandang sapi pertanaman yaitu 0 kg (P1), 3,06 kg (P2), dan 6,11 kg (P3) per meter persegi setara dengan kandungan C-organik tanah 1,79%, 2,94%, dan 4,09%. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak (RKLT) split blok. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aksesi A1 merupakan aksesi terbaik pada pertumbuhan vegetatif meliputi tinggi tanaman, panjang petiole, diameter corm, jumlah daun, dan luas daun. Aksesi A2 memiliki laju fotosinesis, dan laju transpirasi tertinggi diantara aksesi yang lain. Pemberian dosis pupuk P3 menghasilkan tinggi tanaman, panjang petiole, dan diameter corm terbaik. Dosis pupuk P3 mampu meningkakan bobot basah, bobot kering, dan jumlah akar. Aksesi A2 dengan perlakuan P3 memiliki hasil produksi umbi terbaik sebesar 11,85 ton ha-1.

Beneng taro is an emerging commodity as indicated by increasing production area. However, cultivation method especially fertilizer application is still scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of cow manure application on the growth of beneng taro (Xanthosoma undipes K. Koch). The research was conducted in Leuwikopo Experimental Farm, IPB from April to December 2021. This research used 3 accessions i.e Banten beneng taro (A1), Bondowoso beneng taro (A2), and East Nusa Tenggara taro (A3). Cow manure was applied at level of 0 kg (P1), 3.06 kg (P2), and 6.11 kg (P3) per meter square corresponding to Corganic soil 1,79%, 2,94%, and 4,06%, respectively. This study used randomized complete block design (RCBD) of split block. The results showed that accession A1 had the best vegetative growth including plant height, petiole length, corm diameter, number of leaves, and leaf area. Accession A2 had the highest rate of photosynthesis and transpiration rates. The P3 treatment resulted in the best in plant height, petiole length, and diameter of the corm. Also, the P3 treatment was able to increase the fresh weight, dry weight and number of roots, irrespetive of accessions. Accession A2 with P3 treatment had the best tuber production yield of 11,85 tons ha-1.