Variasi Aksesi terhadap Total Fenolik, Flavonoid serta Aktivitas Antioksidan Daun Gandarusa Asal Indonesia

Abstract

Gandarusa (Justicia gendarussa Burm. f.) merupakan tanaman obat yang memiliki kandungan metabolit sekunder sebagai antioksidan. Produksi metabolit sekunder tanaman dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor salah satunya variasi aksesi. Penelitian ini bertujuan memperoleh aksesi terbaik gandarusa yang menghasilkan metabolit sekunder dan aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi. Ekstrak etil asetat daun gandarusa diukur kadar total fenoliknya dengan metode Folin-Ciocalteu, kadar total flavonoid dengan metode aluminium klorida, serta aktivitas antioksidan dengan metode FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power) dan DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl). Aksesi Langkat menghasilkan kadar total fenolik tertinggi sedangkan aksesi Malang menghasilkan kadar total flavonoid tertinggi yang berturut-turut sebesar 12,048 mg GAE g-1 bobot kering dan 17,043 mg QE g-1 bobot kering. Aksesi Bekasi menghasilkan aktivitas antioksidan FRAP tertinggi sedangkan aksesi Langkat menghasilkan aktivitas antioksidan DPPH tertinggi dengan nilai berturut-turut 16,669 dan 0,257 μmol TE g-1 bobot kering. Adapun korelasi antar variabel tidak menunjukkan hasil yang signifikan.

Gandarusa (Justicia gendarussa Burm. f.) is a medicinal plant that contains secondary metabolites as antioxidants. The production of secondary metabolites of plants is influenced by many factors, one of which is the variation in accession. This study aimed to obtain the best accession of gandarusa which produces secondary metabolites and the highest antioxidant activity. Ethyl acetate extract of gandarusa leaves measured its total phenolic levels by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, total flavonoid levels with the aluminum chloride method, as well as antioxidant activity with the FRAP and DPPH methods. The Langkat accession produced the highest total phenolic levels while the Malang accession produced the highest total flavonoid levels which were successively 12,048 mg GAE g-1 dry weight and 17,043 mg QE g-1 dry weight. The Bekasi accession produced the highest FRAP antioxidant activity while the Langkat accession produced the highest DPPH antioxidant activity with successive values of 16.669 and 0.257 μmol TE g-1 dry weight. As for the correlation between variables, it does not show any significant results.