Kajian Perubahan Tutupan Lahan Mangrove Terhadap Kerentanan Pesisir Kabupaten Bekasi

Abstract

Perubahan tataguna lahan, khususnya tutupan mangrove sangat mempengaruhi kerentanan kawasan pesisir. Kecamatan Muara Gembong, Kabupaten Bekasi ditetapkan sebagai salah satu kawasan hutan lindung mangrove. Konversi lahan mangrove serta bencana erosi pantai mengancam kerentanan kawasan pesisir Kabupaten Bekasi. Penelitian ini mengkaji perubahan tutupan lahan mangrove serta menganalisis kerentanan pesisir wilayah Kabupaten Bekasi tahun 2000 dan 2020. Pengkajian perubahan tutupan lahan mangrove dilakukan dengan menggunakan supervised classification untuk membaginya menjadi 5 kelas tutupan lahan, yaitu mangrove, vegetasi, lahan terbangun, lahan terbuka, dan badan air, kemudian memvalidasinya menggunakan Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Metode coastal vulnerability index (CVI) digunakan untuk menilai kerentanan pesisir Kabupaten Bekasi. Klasifikasi kerentanan yang dilakukan di wilayah kajian yang dibagi menjadi 72 grid menunjukkan bahwa separuh diantaranya (36 grid) tergolong memiliki kerentanan tinggi. Penurunan tutupan mangrove dari tahun 2000 sampai 2020 sebesar 23,55% menyebabkan kerentanan Muara Gembong bertambah luas, yang ditunjukkan oleh tambahan 26 grid yang memiliki kerentanan tinggi. Melindungi mangrove yang ada dan merestorasi garis pantai yang terdegradasi pelu diprioritaskan untuk mengurangi risiko bencana di Kawasan pesisir Kabupaten Bekasi.

Coastal areas are particularly vulnerable to the impacts of human induced climate change and land-use change, especially mangrove cover. Muara Gembong District, Bekasi Regency is designated as one of the mangrove protected forest. However, rampant conversion has been causing coastal erosion in Bekasi Regency. This study examines changes in mangrove land cover and analyzes the coastal vulnerability of the Bekasi Regency area in 2000 and 2020. The assessment of mangrove land cover change was carried out using supervised classification five classes of land cover, including mangroves, vegetation, built-up area, open land, and water bodies, then validate it using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The coastal vulnerability index (CVI) method was adopted to assessthe coastal vulnerability of Bekasi Regency. The vulnerability classification carriedout in the study area divided into 72 grids showed that half of them (36 grids) were classified as highly vulnerable. The decrease mangrove cover during 2000-2020 of 23.55% caused the vulnerability of Muara Gembong to increase, as shown by additional 26 grids that are highly vulnerability. Protecting the existing mangroves and restoring the degraded area should be prioritized to reduce risks of disaster in the coastal zone of Bekasi Regency