Persepsi Nelayan terhadap Ekspor Benih Lobster dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Keberlanjutan Perikanan Lobster di Palabuhanratu
Date
2022-11-14Author
Afriliano, Jordy
Simbolon, Domu
Muninggar, Retno
Metadata
Show full item recordAbstract
Menteri Kelautan dan Perikanan pada tahun 2020, melalui penetapan
PERMEN KP No.12/2020 memperbolehkan ekspor benih lobster. Pemerintah
pada tahun 2021 kembali mengeluarkan kebijakan pelarangan ekspor benih
lobster yang bertujuan untuk menjaga sumberdaya lobster tercantum dalam
PERMEN KP No.17/2021. Kemudian tahun 2022 beberapa isi kebijakan kembali
direvisi melalui PERMEN KP No.16/2022. Adanya perubahan kebijakan
pemerintah dapat memicu terjadinya konflik. Hal ini terbukti dengan masih
banyaknya kasus penyelundupan benih lobster yang terjadi. Penelitian ini
bertujuan mendeskripsikan kebijakan pemerintah terkait dengan ekspor lobster,
mengidentifikasi persepsi nelayan terhadap kebijakan ekspor lobster, mengkaji
dampak kebijakan ekspor lobster terhadap keuntungan usaha nelayan dan
keberlanjutan perikanan lobster. Penelitian menggunakan metode studi kasus
dengan proses pengumpulan data meliputi wawancara, observasi langsung, dan
data sekunder. Analisis deskriptif dan keuntungan digunakan dalam menganalisis
data yang didapatkan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan persepsi nelayan
Palabuhanratu, terhadap penerapan kebijakan PERMEN KP No.17/2021 sebanyak
(38%) menunjukkan persepsi yang negatif, dan sisanya sebanyak 58% bersikap
netral, serta 4% setuju. Ketidakpastian mengenai harga jual benih lobster yang
dipasok ke pengepul, berdampak pada besar kecilnya nilai pendapatan nelayan.
Hal yang dapat dilakukan untuk menjamin keberlanjutan perikanan lobster di
Palabuhanratu yaitu dengan mengoptimalkan pembudidayaan benur lobster
sampai ukuran dewasa untuk menampung hasil tangkapan benur lobster dari
nelayan yang melimpah. The Minister of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries in 2020, through PERMEN
KP No. 12/2020 explained the policies and regulation of export lobster juvenile.
In 2021, the government made another policies and explained banned regulation
of lobster juvenile export. This policies was aims to protect lobster resources as
stated in PERMEN KP No. 17/2021. Then in 2022 some of the policy contents
were revised again through PERMEN KP No.16/2022. By the changes of
government policies and regulations, can cause many conflicts. One of the
conflicts that causes by the changes of government policies was lobster seed
smuggling. Lobster seed smuggling has increased by the time of government
policies changes. This research explains and describe government policies and
regulation that related to lobster exports, identify fisher perceptions of lobster
export policies and regulation, examine the impact of lobster export policies and
regulation on fisher business profits and the sustainability of lobster fisheries. This
research used case study method with the data collection process including
interviews, direct observation, and secondary data. Descriptive analysis and profit
are used to analyzing the data obtained. The results showed the perception of
Palabuhanratu fisher on the implementation of the PERMEN KP policy
No.17/2021 was (38%). It showed that many fisheries has negative perception of
this regulation, and the remaining 58% were neutral, and 4% agreed. The
uncertainty selling price of lobster juvenile from supplied to collectors, has an
impact on the income value of fisher. To ensure the sustainability of the lobster
fishery in Palabuhanratu was by optimizing the cultivation of lobster juvenile to
adult size and accommodate the abundant catches of lobster juvenile from fisher.