Karakteristik Papan Partikel Berbahan Baku Kelobot Jagung: Pengaruh Variasi Kerapatan dan Kadar Perekat Kitosan Larut Air

Abstract

Kelobot jagung merupakan biomassa dari jagung yang potensial sebagai bahan baku untuk pembuatan papan partikel. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh variasi kerapatan papan dan kadar perekat kitosan larut air terhadap karakteristik papan partikel dari kelobot jagung. Papan partikel dibuat dalam tiga target kerapatan: 0,6 g/cm3, 0,8 g/cm3 & g/cm3 dengan kadar perekat kitosan larut air: 6%, 8%, & 10%. Papan partikel diproduksi menggunakan kempa panas dengan suhu kempa 180C dan tekanan kempa 25 kgf/cm2 selama 15 menit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai koefisien absorpsi suara (α) berkisar antara -0,064 hingga 0,112 untuk seluruh frekuensi (500-3000 Hz), kerapatan papan 0,51-1,02 g/cm3, kadar air 6,11-9,89%, pengembangan tebal 121,99-152,99%, daya serap air 261,44-364,95%, MOE 171,33-9045 kgf/cm2, MOR 7,95-112,59 kgf/cm2, IB 0,05-0,98 kgf/cm2, dan SHP 2,63-12,49 kgf. Secara keseluruhan, parameter koefisien absorpsi suara (α) papan belum memenuhi standar ISO 11654. Parameter kerapatan, kadar air dan MOR memenuhi standar JIS A 5908: 2003 untuk kerapatan papan 1 g/cm3. Secara keseluruhan, papan partikel dengan kerapatan papan 0,8 g/cm3 dan kadar perekat kitosan larut air 8% memberikan karakteristik papan partikel terbaik.

Corn husk extracted from maize was considered as the potential material for manufactured particleboard. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of variations in board density and water-soluble chitosan concentration on the properties of corn husks particleboard. Particleboards were made in three different density targets of 0.6 g/cm3, 0.8 g/cm3 & 1 g/cm3 with water-soluble chitosan adhesive concentration of 6%, 8%, & 10%. The particleboard was manufactured using a hydraulic hot press with a pressing temperature of 180°C and a pressing pressure of 25 kgf/cm2 for 15 minutes. The results showed that sound absorption coefficient (α) value ranges from -0.064 to 0.112 for all frequencies (500-3000 Hz), density 0.51-1.02 g/cm3, moisture content 6.11-9.89%, thickness swelling 121.99-152.99%, water absorption 261.44-364.95%, MOE 171.33-9045 kgf/cm2, MOR 7.95-112.59 kgf/cm2, IB 0.05-0, 98 kgf/cm2, and SHP 2.63-12.49 kgf. The sound absorption coefficient of the particleboard didn’t fulfil the requirement of ISO 11654. Density, moisture content, and MOR of the particleboard with density 1 g/cm3 fulfilled requirement JIS A 5908: 2003. Overall, the particleboard with a board density of 0,8 g/cm3 and an adhesive content of 8% water-soluble chitosan gave the best particleboard properties.