Pertumbuhan dan Daya Hasil 23 Varietas Jagung Manis (Zea mays saccharata. Sturt) Komersial di Indonesia

Abstract

Keragaan merupakan salah satu tahapan penting dalam pemuliaan tanaman jagung manis sebelum melakukan pelepasan varietas. Evaluasi keragaan dilakukan dengan melihat pertumbuhan untuk mengetahui karakter fenotip dari suatu genotip sehingga bisa diketahui potensi hasil dari suatu varietas. Penelitian terhadap pertumbuhan jagung manis di Indonesia masih terbilang langka sehingga perlu dilakukan penelitian ini dengan tujuan mengetahui pertumbuhan dan daya hasil 23 varietas jagung manis (Zea mays saccharata. Sturt) komersial di Indonesia. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Leuwikopo, Dramaga, Bogor dari bulan Agustus hingga November 2021 menggunakan satu faktor yaitu varietas dengan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak tiga ulangan. Hasil analisis ragam terhadap 23 varietas jagung manis menunjukkan bahwa genotipe berpengaruh sangat nyata pada karakter tinggi tanaman, tinggi tongkol, umur muncul bunga betina, antesis silking interval, panjang tongkol, padatan terlarut total, daya simpan dan bobot tongkol baik yang berkelobot atau tanpa kelobot, bobot per petak, dan produktivitas tanaman jagung manis. Selain itu, genotipe berpengaruh nyata pada karakter panjang tangkai tongkol dan tidak berpengaruh nyata pada karakter diameter batang, diameter tongkol, dan panjang tongkol berbiji. Varietas dengan produktivitas terbaik ditemukan pada varietas Talenta. Selain itu, pengamatan terhadap masing masing karakter yang diamati menunjukkan keunggulan dan kekurangan dari varietas yang diuji.

Performance is one of the important stages in sweet corn breeding before releasing varieties. Performance evaluation is carried out to determine the phenotypic character of a genotype so that the yield potential of a variety can be known. Research on the performance of sweet corn in Indonesia is still relatively rare, so this research needs to be carried out with the aim of knowing the performance and yield of 23 commercial sweet corn varieties (Zea mays saccharata. Sturt) in Indonesia. The study was carried out at the Leuwikopo Experimental Garden, Dramaga, Bogor from August to November 2021 using one factor, namely varieties with a complete randomized group design with three replications. The results analysis of variance on 23 varieties of sweet corn showed that the genotype had a very significant effect on the characters of plant height, cob height, age of female flower emergence, anthesis silking interval, cob length, sweetness level, shelf life and cob weight, both with and without husks. weight per plot, and sweet corn crop productivity. In addition, the genotype had a significant effect on the length of the cob stalk and had no significant effect on the character of the stem diameter, the diameter of the cob, and the length of the seed cob. The varieties with the best productivity were found in the Talenta variety. In addition, observations of each observed character indicate the advantages and disadvantages of the tested varieties.