Sebaran Spasial Sarang Rayap Tanah Macrotermes gilvus Hagen (ISOPTERA : TERMITIDAE) di Cagar Alam Yanlappa, Bogor

Abstract

Dari 3106 spesies rayap yang telah tercatat kehadirannya di berbagai wilayah di dunia, 300 spesies atau 9,7% diantaranya ditemukan di Indonesia, termasuk Macrotermes gilvus. Beberapa aspek ekologi M. gilvus yang hidup di Indonesia telah cukup banyak dilaporkan, namun informasi tentang sebaran spasial sarangnya sangat terbatas, ,termasuk sebaran sarang rayap tersebut di Cagar Alam Yanlappa (CAY), Bogor. Di lokasi penelitian dibuat plot contoh berukuran 400 m x 210 m berbentuk persegi panjang dengan arah memanjang memotong kontur. Pada plot contoh tersebut dibuat 56 sub plot contoh yang masing-masing berukuran 30 m x 50 m. Keberadaan sarang rayap M. gilvus serta ketinggian, kelerengan, dan vegetasi pada setiap sub plot contoh dicatat. Pola sebaran spasial sarang M. gilvus dianalisis menggunakan algoritma jarak terdekat dilanjutkan dengan analisis Z-score. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pola sebaran spasial sarang rayap tanah M. gilvus di CAY adalah mengelompok (clustered). Kelerengan, vegetasi, ketinggian, dan arah lereng berpengaruh terhadap keberadaan sarang rayap tersebut. Faktor yang paling memberi pengaruh terhadap keberadaan sarang rayap di Cagar Alam Yanlappa adalah jenis dan tipe vegetasi.

Of the 3106 species of termites that have been recorded in various regions of the world, 300 species or 9.7% of them are found in Indonesia, including Macrotermes gilvus. Several ecological aspects of that found in Indonesia have been reported quite a lot, but information about the spatial distribution of their nests is very limited, including the distribution of termite nests in the Yanlapa Nature Reserve (YNR), Bogor. At the study site, a sample plot measuring 400 m x 210 m was made in the form of a rectangle with a longitudinal direction cutting the contour. In the sample plot, 56 sample sub plots were made, each measuring 30 m x 50 m. The presence of M. gilvus termite nests and the altitude, slope, and vegetation of each sub-plot were recorded. The spatial distribution pattern of M. gilvus nests was analyzed using the nearest distance algorithm followed by Z-score analysis. The results showed that the spatial distribution pattern of the M.gilvus subterranean termite nest in the YNR was clustered. Slope, vegetation, height, and slope direction greatly affect the existence of the termite nest. The most influential factor on the existence of termite nests in the Yanlappa Nature Reserve is the type and type of vegetation.