Keragaman Karakter Agronomi dan Kandungan Amilosa Sorgum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) Populasi F2 Hasil Persilangan Pulut 3 × Soraya 3

Abstract

Pemuliaan sorgum dilakukan untuk memperoleh varietas unggul sorgum yang sesuai dengan petani dan konsumen. Faktor penting dalam keberhasilan merakit varietas unggul yaitu keragaman genetik yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan memperoleh informasi keragaman karakter agronomi serta kandungan amilosa sorgum populasi F2. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari-Juni 2022 di Cikarawang. Bahan genetik yang digunakan adalah sorgum populasi F2 Pulut 3 × Soraya 3, tetua, dan 9 genotipe pembanding. Pengamatan kandungan amilosa menggunakan pewarnaan iodin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, terdapat karakter-karakter agronomi yang memiliki nilai heritabilitas arti luas yang tinggi dengan nilai koefisien keragaman genetik (KKG) luas. Karakter agronomi dikendalikan oleh banyak gen dan sedikit gen dengan tipe aksi gen aditif, aditif dengan epistasis komplementer, dan aditif dengan epistasis aditif. Kandungan amilosa dikendalikan dua pasang gen dengan tipe aksi gen epistasis dominan ganda.

Sorghum breeding is carried out to obtain superior varieties of sorghum that are suitable for farmers and consumers. An important factor in the success of assembling superior varieties is high genetic variability. This study aimed to obtain information on the variability of agronomic characters and amylose content in the F2 population. The research was conducted in February-June 2022 in Cikarawang. The genetic material used was sorghum population F2 Pulut 3 × Soraya 3, parents, and 9 comparison genotypes. Observation of amylose content using iodine staining. The results showed that there were agronomic characters that had a high broad heritability value with a high coefficient of genetic variability (KKG). Agronomic characters were controlled by many genes and few genes with additive gene action type, additive with complementary epistasis, and additive with additive epistasis. The amylose content was controlled by two pairs of genes with a double dominant epistasis gene action type.