Strategi Peningkatan Kinerja Badan Usaha Milik Desa Bidang Retail di Kabupaten Kebumen

Abstract

Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUM Desa) merupakan salah satu alat untuk meningkatkan kemandirian dan kesejahteraan desa. Apabila BUM Desa berkinerja baik, diharapkan masyarkat dan desa juga mendapatkan efeknya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis beberapa faktor yang memengaruhi kinerja BUM Desa di bidang retail dan merumuskan strategi yang dapat digunakan BUM Desa tersebut untuk meningkatkan kinerjanya. Kuesioner disebarkan kepada responden yang merupakan pengurus inti BUM Desa bidang retail di Kebumen. Model dinilai menggunakan partial least square structural equation model. Sementara itu, perumusan strategi dilakukan dengan menganalisis faktor-faktor internal dan eksternal BUM Desa, kemudian dengan dianalisis menggunakan matriks SWOT dan digambarkan melalui arsitektur strategi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kinerja BUM Desa dipengaruhi oleh social capital dan pemerintah, sedangkan human capital tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja BUM Desa. Sementara itu, strategi umum yang perlu dilakukan BUM Desa bidang retail untuk meningkatkan kinerjanya adalah grow and build. Untuk menunjang strategi tersebut, perlu dilakukan strategi spesifik yaitu penambahan layanan BUM Desa dan kerja sama dengan pihak lain, pembuatan sistem informasi terpadu, pengembangan kapasitas dan kompetensipegawai BUM Desa, variasi dan promosi layanan, brandingBUM Desa serta peningkatan sarana dan prasarana. Implikasi dari penelitian ini yaitu pemerintah diharapkan dapatlebih intensif mendampingi BUM Desa, misalnya program pelatihan yang terfokus,pemberian bantuan dan insentif perpajakan, serta promosi di dalam dan di luar daerah. Selain itu, pemerintah diharapkan dapat mendorong BUM Desa agar dapat berkolaborasi antar-BUM Desa sehingga impactBUM Desa tidak hanya di ruang lingkup desa saja tetapi makin meluas. Adapun bagi BUM Desa dapat melaksanakan strategi yang sudah dirumuskan demi terwujudnya economic, socialdan market sustainability. Selain itu, BUM Desa juga dapat melakukan kegiatan yang dapat memperkuat social capital antar pegawai, seperti outbond, transparansi pengelolaan BUM Desa, dan insentif kesehatan.

Village Owned Enterprises (Badan Usaha Milik Desa/BUM Desa) is one of the tools to increase village independence and welfare. When BUM Desa performs well, it is hoped that the community and village will be affected. This study aims to investigate some factors that might affect performance of BUM Desa and to formulate strategy that can be used by BUM Desain Kebumen Regency to improve their performance. A survey was conducted to respondents from key persons of retail BUM Desa in Kebumen. The model was assessed using partial least square structural equation model. Meanwhile, formulation strategy was carried out by analyzing the internal and external factors of Retail BUM Desa, then using the SWOT Matrix and described through the Architecture of Strategy. The results of this study shows that retail BUM Desa performance affected by social capital and government, while human capital has no significant effect on retail BUM Desa performance. Besides, alternative strategies that should be carried out by Retail BUM Desa are addition of BUM Desa services and collaboration with other parties, creation of an integrated information system, capacity building and competence of BUM Desa employees, variety and promotion of services, branding of BUM Desa and improvement of its facilities and infrastructure. The implication of this study is that the government is expected to be able to more intensively assist BUM Desa, for example focusing on training programs, providing tax assistance and incentives, as well as promotiing within and outside the region. Moreover, the government is expected to be able to encourage BUM Desa to collaborate among BUM Desa so that the impact of BUM Desa is not only in the scope of the village but wider. Meanwhile, BUM Desa canimplement the formulated strategy for the the realization of economic, socialand market sustainability. Moreover, it can also carry out activities thatcan strengthen social capital among employees, such as outbound activities, transparency in the management of BUM Desa, and health incentives.