Kualitas Gelatin Tipe A dengan Bahan Baku Tulang Paha Ayam Broiler pada Lama Ekstraksi yang Berbeda

Abstract

Gelatin is one of the important ingredients in the pharmaceutical, food, and photography industry. Until now, Indonesia is a full importer of gelatine. Raw materials are majority from pig skin (46%), followed by beef cattle skin (28%), and beef cattle bones (24%). Unlawful status in the product-based pig and mad cow case are the big problems for the industries today. High demand of halal and healthy gelatine in Indonesia can be solved with alternative raw materials. This research purpose was to examine the potential of chicken leg bone as raw material for A type gelatine, and focused to know the influence of extraction time on the quality of gelatine. The parameters to assess the quality of gelatin are yield, pH value, water content, ash content, viscosity, and gel strength. This research was conducted in the Waste Processing Laboratory, Department of Animal Production and Technology, Faculty of Animal Science IPB. The procedure in this research consists of : preparation of raw materials, degreasing, size diminution, demineralization, liming, extraction, filtering, congealment, drying, and powdering. Experimental design of this research used complete random design (RAL), which use two-stage extraction treatment duration, 6 hours (2 hours per phase extraction) and 12 hours (4 hour time period per phase extraction). Replication in the research is conducted five times. The data was analyzed by using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Gelatine produced in this research had yield 2,52-7,10%, pH value 4,60-5,98, water content 8,12-16,22%, ash content 0,33-2,57%, viscosity 0,12-3,12, and gel strength 487,20-1338,46 grams/cm². Chicken leg bone has low potential as raw material of gelatine. Extraction time was significant influence to the quality of gelatine. The quality of gelatine of 12 hours extraction was better than 6 hours, particularly in terms of yield, water content, viscosity, and gel strength. Apparently, the potential of chicken leg bones as raw material of gelatine was lower than chicken cartilage bones. Keywords: quality of gelatine, chicken leg bone, acid treatment