Dukungan Sosial, Stres Ibu, dan Perkembangan Sosial Emosi Anak Prasekolah pada Keluarga dengan Ibu Bekerja selama Pandemi Covid-19
Abstract
Pandemi Covid-19 menyebabkan ibu bekerja harus menyesuaikan diri mengingat banyak
hal yang berubah selama pandemi. Hal tersebut semakin menantang jika ibu bekerja
memiliki anak prasekolah (4-6 tahun). Pandemi menyebabkan ibu harus bekerja dari
rumah sekaligus mendampingi anak dari rumah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk
menganalisis pengaruh dukungan sosial dan stres ibu terhadap perkembangan sosial
emosi anak prasekolah pada keluarga dengan ibu bekerja selama pandemi Covid-19.
Penelitian ini melibatkan 70 ibu bekerja formal dan informal yang memiliki anak usia 4-6
tahun, berasal dari keluarga utuh, dan berdomisili di Provinsi DKI Jakarta dan Jawa
Barat. Pemilihan contoh dilakukan dengan voluntary sampling dan data dikumpulkan
melalui self-administered menggunakan kuesioner online. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan
hubungan positif yang signifikan antara dukungan sosial dan perkembangan sosial emosi
anak. Sementara itu, stres ibu dan perkembangan sosial emosi anak memiliki hubungan
negatif yang signifikan. Hasil uji regresi menunjukkan bahwa dukungan sosial yang
diperoleh ibu dapat meningkatkan perkembangan sosial emosi anak, sedangkan stres ibu
dapat menurunkan perkembangan sosial emosi anak. Hasil penelitian memiliki implikasi
bahwa ibu bekerja harus memiliki manajemen stres dan strategi koping yang baik agar
perkembangan sosial anak dapat berkembang dengan baik. The Covid-19 pandemic has caused many changes that have forced working mothers to
adapt. This is more challenging if working mothers have preschool children. Mothers
have to work from home as well as accompany their children study from home. This
study aimed to analyze the effect of social support and maternal stress on the social and
emotional development of preschool children among working mothers families during
Covid-19 pandemic. This study involved 70 mothers who worked formally or informally
and have children aged 4-6 years, came from intact families, and are domiciled in DKI
Jakarta and West Java area. Sample selection was done by voluntary sampling and data
were collected through self-administered using an online questionnaire. The results
showed that there was a significant positive relationship between social support and
children's emotional social development. Meanwhile, maternal stress and children's social
emotional development have a significant negative relationship. The regression test
showed that the social support obtained by mothers could increase the social emotional
development of children, while the stress could decrease the social emotional
development of children. The implication of this study is that working mothers must have
good stress management and coping strategies so their children's social emotional
development can develop properly.