Kontaminasi Mikroplastik pada Kerang Hijau (Perna viridis) di Perairan Teluk Lampung
Date
2022Author
Rahim, Zakiyah
Zamani, Neviaty Putri
Ismet, Meutia Samira
Metadata
Show full item recordAbstract
Penggunaan plastik di dunia semakin meningkat namun di beberapa negara
berkembang pengelolaan limbah plastik masih sangat minim. Plastik banyak
digunakan pada sektor perikanan, di Teluk Lampung masyarakat pesisir banyak
memanfaatkan plastik dan limbah plastik untuk mendukung kegiatan pembesaran
kerang hijau (Perna viridis) dan penangkapan ikan. Masifnya penggunaan plastik
pada sektor perikanan memberikan kekhawatiran akan tercemarnya lingkungan dan
biota oleh plastik terfregmentasi yang menjadi mikroplastik. Mikroplastik tersebar
di berbagai kedalaman perairan, hal ini juga dikhawatirkan berdampak pada kerang
hijau yang dibesarkan pada kedalaman berbeda. Penelitian mengenai akumulasi
mikroplastik pada jaringan kerang hijau sudah banyak diteliti, namun akumulasi
mikroplastik di beberapa organ tubuh, seperti pada organ pencernaan dan
pernapasan dengan perbedaan kedalaman habitat masih jarang dilakukan.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kelimpahan dan karateristik
mikroplastik di permukaan dan kolom perairan pembesaran kerang hijau, pada
kerang hijau dengan kedalaman habitat yang berbeda, serta mengkaji kelimpahan
dan karakteristik mikroplastik pada dua sistem organ (insang dan organ
pencernaan) kerang hijau Perairan Teluk Lampung yang diambil pada bulan
September 2020. Pengambilan sampel perairan menerapkan metode bulk sample
mengguunakan botol van dorn dan langsung disaring menggunakan kertas saring
Wahtman 0,45 μm. Sebanyak 30 individu kerang hijau diambil dari 2 kedalaman
berbeda (dekat permukaan air dan 3 m di bawah permukaan air). Kerang hijau
diukur morfometri dan dipisahkan jaringan dari cangkangnya. Destruksi kerang
hijau menggunakan KOH 10% dan disaring menggunakan kertas whatman GF 1,6
μm. Karakteristik mikroplastik diamati secara visual dan uji polimer menggunakan
Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR).
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan konsentrasi mikroplastik lebih banyak pada
permukaan air dan kerang hijau yang hidup pada permukaan air. Nilai korelasi
konsentrasi mikroplastik di air dan kerang menunjukkan adanya hubungan korelasi
yang positif. Akumulasi mikroplastik baik pada kerang hijau permukaan maupun
dan kerang hijau kedalaman paling banyak berada di insang dibandingkan organ
pencernaan. Karakteristik mikroplastik yang ditemukan pada air, seluruh jaringan
kerang dan organ pencernaan kerang didominasi bentuk fragmen, berwarna biru,
dan berukuran <100 μm, namun pada insang didominasi bentuk line berwarna
hitam, dan berukuran 151-500 μm. Polimer mikroplastik yang ditemukan yaitu
polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyester (PET), polyamide (PA), dan poly
(acrylonitrile: butadiene) (ABS) The use of plastic in the world is increasing but in some developing
countries the management of plastic waste is still very minimal. Plastics are widely
used in the fisheries sector, in Lampung Bay coastal communities use plastic and
plastic waste to support Green Mussel (Perna viridis) rearing activities and fishing.
The massive use of plastic in the fisheries sector raises concerns about the
contamination of the environment and biota by fragmented plastics that turn into
microplastics. Microplastics are scattered in various depths of water, this is also
feared to have an impact on green mussels raised at different depths. Research on
the accumulation of microplastics in green mussel tissue has been widely studied,
but the accumulation of microplastics in several organs of the body, such as in the
digestive and respiratory organs with different habitat depths is still rarely done.
This study aims to examine the abundance and characteristics of
microplastics on the surface and water column, in green mussels with different
habitat depths, also to examine the abundance and characteristics of microplastics
in two organ systems (gills and digestive organs) of green mussels in Lampung Bay
waters taken in September 2020. Water samples were taken using the bulk sample
method using van dorn bottle and directly filtered using 0,45 μm Wahtman filter
paper. Total of 30 individual green mussels were taken from two different water
depth (surface and 3 m under the surface water where the mussel lived). Green
mussels were measured morphometrically and separated by tissue from their shells.
Green mussels were destructed using 10% KOH and filtered using 1,6 μm whatman
GF paper. Microplastic characteristics were observed visually and polymer test
using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR).
The results showed that the concentration of microplastics was higher on
the surface of the water and green mussels that lived on the surface of the water.
The correlation value of the concentration of microplastics in water and shellfish
shows a positive correlation. The accumulation of microplastics in both surface and
deep green mussels was mostly located in the respiratory organs (gills) compared
to the digestive organs. Characteristics of microplastics found in water, all shell
tissue and digestive organs of mussels are dominated by fragments, blue, and <100
μm in size, but in the gills are dominated by black lines, and 151-500 μm in size.
The microplastic polymers found were polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP),
polyester (PET), polyamide (PA), and poly(acrylonitrile: butadiene) (ABS).
Collections
- MT - Fisheries [3011]