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      Daya Saing Dan Faktor-Faktor Yang Memengaruhi Ekspor Udang Beku Indonesia Di Negara Tujuan Utama dan Negara Potensial

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      Date
      2022-08-04
      Author
      Aprilia, Nita
      Syaukat, Yusman
      Amanda, Dea
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      Abstract
      Komoditas udang berkontribusi besar terhadap total nilai ekspor subsektor perikanan di Indonesia. Tahun 2020 Indonesia menduduki peringkat ke-4 sebagai negara eksportir udang beku terbesar di dunia namun nilai ekspor komoditas tersebut masih berfluktuasi setiap tahunnya. Share volume ekspor udang beku Indonesia di pasar dunia masih rendah dibandingkan dengan negara pesaingnya yaitu Ekuador, India, dan Vietnam. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis daya saing dan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi ekspor udang beku Indonesia di enam negara tujuan utama. Hasil penelitian dengan menggunakan RCA menunjukkan bahwa ekspor udang beku Indonesia memiliki keunggulan komparatif di enam negara tujuan utama. Analisis EPD menjelaskan bahwa udang beku Indonesia hanya memiliki keunggulan kompetitif atau Rising Star di Kanada, sementara di pasar Amerika Serikat dan Belanda berada pada kondisi Falling Star, di pasar China pada kondisi Lost Opportunity, dan hasil yang lebih buruk di pasar Jepang dan Perancis berada pada kondisi Retreat. Faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi volume ekspor udang beku Indonesia secara signifikan dengan taraf nyata lima persen yaitu nilai harga udang beku Indonesia ke negara tujuan berpengaruh secara negatif dan jarak ekonomi yang berpengaruh secara negatif. Dua variabel lainnya tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan yaitu variabel GDP negara tujuan dan nilai tukar negara tujuan.
       
      Shrimp commodity contributes greatly to the total export value of the fisheries sub-sector in Indonesia. In 2020, Indonesia was ranked 4th as the largest frozen shrimp exporter in the world, but the export value of this commodity still fluctuates every year. Indonesia's frozen shrimp export volume in the world market is still low compared to its competitors, namely Ekuador, India, and Vietnam. This study aims to analyze the competitiveness and factors that influence Indonesia's frozen shrimp exports in six main destination countries. The results of the research using RCA show that Indonesia's frozen shrimp exports have a comparative advantage in the six main destination countries. EPD analysis explains that Indonesian frozen shrimp only has a competitive advantage or Rising Star in Kanada, while in the United States and the Netherlands markets are in Falling Star conditions, in the Chinese market in Lost Opportunity conditions, and worse results in the Japanese and French markets in retreat condition. The factors that significantly affect the volume of Indonesia's frozen shrimp exports with a significant level of five percent, namely the price value of Indonesian frozen shrimp to the destination country has a negative effect and economic distance has a negative effect. Two other variables have no significant effect, namely the destination country variable and the country's exchange rate.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/113182
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      • UT - Resources and Environmental Economic [2339]

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