Evaluasi Kesuburan Andisol pada Beberapa Kabupaten di Sumatera Utara

Abstract

Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan, Dairi, dan Karo merupakan daerah dataran tinggi yang berpotensi untuk pengembangan hortikultura. Akan tetapi, tingkat kesuburan tanah menjadi permasalahan utama. Penelitian bertujuan mengevaluasi tingkat kesuburan tanah serta membandingkan Andisol di Humbang Hasundutan, Dairi, dan Karo. Contoh tanah pada kedalaman 0-20cm di setiap daerah dilakukan analisis sifat kimia tanah, kemudian dilakukan perbandingan berdasarkan kriteria PPT Tahun 1995. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat variasi hasil akibat adanya perbedaan pengelolaan tanah serta jenis penggunaan lahan. Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan memiliki rata-rata nilai C-organik tinggi, P total rendah, K total sangat tinggi, KTK rendah serta KB sedang. Kabupaten Dairi memiliki ratarata C-organik, P total serta K total yang sangat tinggi, serta KTK dan KB yang sedang. Kabupaten Karo memiliki rata-rata C-organik yang tinggi, P total dan K total sangat tinggi, KTK sedang, serta KB yang tinggi. Berdasarkan evaluasi status kesuburan tanahnya, Kabupaten Dairi dan Karo memiliki tingkat kesuburan tanah sedang, sedangkan Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan memiliki status kesuburan rendah.

Humbang Hasundutan, Dairi, and Karo regencies are highland areas with the potential for horticultural development. However, the level of soil fertility becomes the main problem. The study aimed to evaluate soil fertility levels and compare Andisol in Humbang Hasundutan, Dairi, and Karo. Soil samples at a depth of 0-20 cm in each area were analyzed regarding the soil chemical characteristics, then a comparison was made based on the soil fertility criteria PPT 1995. The results showed that there were variations in results due to differences in soil management and types of land use. Humbang Hasundutan Regency had an average of high organic carbon (C) values, low total phosphorus (P), very high total potassium (K), low cation exchange capacity (CEC) and medium base saturation. Dairi Regency had a very high average of organic C, total P and K total, as well as moderate CEC and base saturation. Karo Regency had a high average of organic C, very high total P and total K, medium CEC, and high base saturation. Based on the evaluation of the soil fertility status, Dairi and Karo Regencies had moderate soil fertility, while Humbang Hasundutan Regency had a low fertility status.