Uji Patogenisitas dan Identifikasi Cendawan Penyebab Penyakit Daun pada Sengon di Persemaian Permanen Dramaga Bogor

Abstract

Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria (L.) Nielsen) merupakan jenis pohon cepat tumbuh (fast-growing species) dan mudah didapat karena sudah banyak dibudidayakan di Indonesia. Usaha perbanyakan sengon melalui kegiatan pembibitan di persemaian banyak menemui kendala penyakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi cendawan penyebab penyakit daun pada tanaman sengon, serta menghitung luas dan intensitas serangan cendawan penyebab penyakit daun pada sengon di Persemaian Permanen Dramaga Bogor. Metode penelitian ini adalah rangkaian uji patogenisitas meliputi pengamatan lapang, postulat Koch, dan identifikasi jenis cendawan. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap Faktorial (RALF). Gejala penyakit yang ditemukan pada daun sengon umur sekitar dua bulan yang ada di lokasi pengamatan adalah penyakit gugur daun, bercak daun, dan hawar daun. Hasil identifikasi cendawan penyebab gugur daun adalah Rhizoctonia sp., cendawan penyebab bercak daun adalah Colletotrichum sp., dan cendawan penyebab hawar daun adalah Fusarium sp.. Fusarium sp. menghasilkan persentase serangan tertinggi dengan luas serangan sebesar 67,34% dan intensitas serangan sebesar 57,28%.

Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria (L.) Nielsen) is a fast-growing tree species and easy to obtain because it has been widely cultivated in Indonesia. Sengon plant propagation is carried out through nursery activities in nurseries. The study aimed to identify the fungus that causes leaf disease on sengon plants and calculate the extent and intensity of attacks by the fungus that causes leaf disease on sengon in the Dramaga Bogor Permanent Nursery. This research method carried out pathogenicity test activities, including field observations, Koch's postulates, and the identification of fungal species. The study used a Completely Randomized Factorial Design (RALF). The disease symptoms found on around two months of sengon leaves old at the observation site were leaf fall, leaf spot, and leaf blight. The results of identifying the fungus that causes leaf fall were Rhizoctonia sp.. This fungus that causes leaf spots is Colletotrichum sp., and the fungus that causes leaf blight is Fusarium sp.. Fusarium sp. resulted in the highest percentage of attacks, with a disease incidence of 67,34% and disease severity of 57,28%.