Pengaruh Manajemen Modal Kerja terhadap Profitabilitas Usaha Mikro dan Kecil Pangan Olahan di Indonesia

Abstract

Usaha mikro dan kecil terus tumbuh di Indonesia dengan memegang peranan yang penting terhadap penyerapan tenaga kerja, pemerataan pendapatan, kegiatan ekspor, dan investasi. Usaha pangan olahan memberikan cakupan yang luas untuk berbagai jenis usaha mikro dan kecil berkembang di dalamnya dengan jumlah yang cukup besar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor manajemen modal kerja yang memengaruhi profitabilitas usaha mikro dan kecil pangan olahan di Indonesia. Penelitian menggunakan data sekunder bersumber dari survei industri mikro dan kecil tahun 2015. Jumlah sampel usaha mikro dan kecil yang diteliti sebanyak 1.804 usaha yaitu 1.563 usaha mikro dan 241 usaha kecil pangan olahan. Metode analisis yang digunakan yaitu regresi linear berganda dengan pendekatan Ordinary Least Square (OLS). Variabel dependen yaitu Return On Asset (ROA) yang menggambarkan profitabilitas. Variabel independen yaitu variabel manajemen modal kerja yaitu Payables Defferral Period (PDP) dan Inventory Conversion Period (ICP); karakteristik usaha yaitu Umur Usaha, Current Ratio (CR), Debt to Asset Ratio (DAR), dan Skala Usaha; serta karakteristik pelaku usaha yaitu Umur Pelaku Usaha dan Tingkat Pendidikan Pelaku Usaha. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan PDP dan skala usaha berpengaruh negatif signifikan, dan DAR berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap profitabilitas usaha mikro dan kecil pangan olahan di Indonesia.

Micro and small businesses continue to grow in Indonesia by playing an important role in employment, income distribution, export activities, and investment. Processed food businesses provide a broad scope for various types of micro and small businesses to develop in quite large numbers. This study aims to analyze the factors of working capital management that affect the profitability of micro and small processed food businesses in Indonesia. The study uses secondary data sourced from a survey of micro and small industries in 2015. The number of samples of micro and small businesses studied was 1,804 businesses, namely 1,563 micro businesses and 241 small processed food businesses. The analytical method used is multiple linear regression with the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) approach. The dependent variable is Return On Assets (ROA) which describes profitability. The independent variables are working capital management variables, namely Payables Defferral Period (PDP) and Inventory Conversion Period (ICP); business characteristics, namely Business Age, Current Ratio (CR), Debt to Asset Ratio (DAR), and Business Scale; as well as the characteristics of business actors, namely the Age of Business Actors and Education Level of Business Actors. The results showed that PDP had a significant negative effect, the business scale had a significant negative effect, and DAR had a significant positive effect on the profitability of micro and small processed businesses in Indonesia