Analisis Keragaman dan Nilai Heritabilitas Populasi F3 Berbagai Persilangan Cabai Besar
Date
2022-07-20Author
Hutasoit, Sonia Meyheskel
Syukur, Muhamad
Ritonga, Arya Widura
Metadata
Show full item recordAbstract
Cabai besar (Capsicum annuum L.) merupakan salah satu komoditas
hortikultura yang banyak diminati di Indonesia. Namun, data menunjukkan ratarata
produktivitas cabai besar di Indonesia masih belum maksimal. Penelitian
dilakukan dengan tujuan menganalisis keragaman genetik, nilai heritabilitas,
seleksi, dan kemajuan seleksi pada populasi F3 persilangan berbagai cabai besar.
Penelitian dilakukan di kebun percobaan Leuwikopo IPB dan Laboratorium
Genetika dan Pemuliaan Tanaman, Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura IPB.
Penelitian berlangsung dari bulan September 2021 hingga Maret 2022. Penelitian
ini menggunakan lima populasi F3 persilangan cabai besar yaitu F3 317375-3, F3
375078-1, F3 375 x F6 074136-1, F3 374078-3, dan F3 074078-7, masing-masing
ditanam sebanyak 60 tanaman. Pendugaan ragam lingkungan dilakukan melalui
penanaman tiga populasi cabai besar yang homozigot homogen yaitu varietas
Anies IPB, varietas Arisa IPB, dan galur murni IPB C074, masing-masing
ditanam 60 tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat keragaman
genetik yang bervariasi pada karakter tanaman dan antar populasi F3. Karakter
umur berbunga, tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, diameter buah, dan bobot per
buah, memiliki nilai heritabilitas yang tinggi (0,51-0,81), sementara pada karakter
umur panen, tinggi dikotomus, panjang buah, jumlah buah per tanaman, dan bobot
buah per tanaman memiliki nilai heritabilitas yang rendah (0,20-0,48). Penelitian
menunjukkan terdapat variasi nilai kemajuan seleksi karakter antar tanaman dan
antar populasi F3. Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the most popular horticultural
commodities in Indonesia. Howeres, the data shows that the average productivity
of chillies is still not optimal. This problem can be overcome through plant
breeding. This study aimed to analyse genetic variability, heritability value,
selection, and genetic advance of the F3 populations of chilli. This research was
conducted at the experimental field in Leuwikopo IPB, and at Genetic and Plant
Breeding Laboratory, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB. The
research was done from September 2021 to March 2022. This research used five
populations of F3 crossed chilli, such as F3 317375-3, F3 375078-1, F3 375 x
F6 074136-1, F3 374078-3, and F3 074078-7. Each populations was plant 60
plants. Estimation of environmental variance was conducted by planting three
homogeneous homozygous populations of chillies, there are the Anies IPB, Arisa
IPB, and IPB C074 pure line, that contains 60 plants each populations. The
results showed that there was variation in genetic diversity in plant characters
and between F3 populations. Characters of flowering date, plant length, stem
diameter, fruit diameter, and weight per fruit, showed high variability values
(0,51-0,81), while the characters of harvesting date, dichotomous length, fruit
length, number of fruits per plant, and weight of fruit per plant showed a low
heritability values (0,20-0,48). The study showed that there were variations in the
value of selection between plants and between F3 populations.