Prevalence of canine heart failure diagnosis by NT-proBNP biomarkers and echocardiography in Grace Veterinary Centre, Penang, Malaysia.

Abstract

Dog (Canis lupus familiaris) is a domestic mammal under the family Canidae and order Carnivora. Left congestive heart failure (L-CHF) is defined as systolic and/or diastolic failure of the left heart and activation of neurohormonal mechanisms resulting in cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Elevation of NT-proBNP levels can be a standard to predict the first onset of canine congestive heart failure in accordance with mitral valve disease. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the prevalence of congestive heart failure in dogs by using NT-proBNP biomarkers in Grace Veterinary Centre, Penang, Malaysia. This research was conducted from the month of October 2021 till January 2022 in Grace Veterinary Centre, Penang, Malaysia. A total of 100 dogs from 30 breeds were included in this study during their regular visit. There are 47 males and 53 females, with the mean age of 8.24 ± 4.06. The mean NT-proBNP value in this study was 1179.79±805.46pmol/L. Out of 100 dogs, 43 dogs have normal values of NT-proBNP (<800 pmol/L), 41 dogs have suspected values (800-1800 pmol/L), while 16 dogs have abnormal values of NT-proBNP (>1800 pmol/L). NT-proBNP biomarkers can be combined with other diagnostic method such as radiography, echocardiography and electrocardiography to further evaluate heart’s condition. The available treatment drugs include pimobendan, diuretics, Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor (ACEI).

Anjing (Canis lupus familiaris) adalah mamalia domestik di bawah famili Canidae dan ordo Carnivora. Left Congestive heart failure (L-CHF) didefinisikan sebagai kegagalan sistolik dan/atau diastolik jantung kiri dan aktivasi mekanisme neurohormonal yang mengakibatkan edema paru kardiogenik. Peningkatan kadar NT-proBNP dapat menjadi standar untuk memprediksi onset pertama gagal jantung kongestif anjing sesuai dengan penyakit katup mitral. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi prevalensi congestive heart failure pada anjing dengan menggunakan biomarker NT-proBNP di Grace Veterinary Centre, Penang, Malaysia. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Oktober 2021 sampai Januari 2022 di Grace Veterinary Centre, Penang, Malaysia. Sebanyak 100 anjing dari 30 ras diikutsertakan dalam penelitian ini. Terdapat 47 jantan dan 53 betina, dengan usia rata-rata 8,24 ± 4,06 dalam penelitian ini. Nilai rata-rata NT-proBNP dalam penelitian ini adalah 1179,79±805,46pmol/L. Dari 100 anjing, 43 anjing memiliki nilai NT-proBNP normal (<800 pmol/L), 41 anjing memiliki nilai suspek (800-1800 pmol/L), sedangkan 16 anjing memiliki nilai NT-proBNP abnormal (>1800 pmol/L). Biomarker NT-proBNP dapat dikombinasikan dengan metode diagnostik lain seperti radiografi, ekokardiografi, dan elektrokardiografi untuk mengevaluasi lebih lanjut kondisi jantung. Obat pengobatan yang tersedia termasuk pimobendan, diuretik, Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor (ACEI).