Keanekaragaman Arthropoda Pengunjung dan Aktivitas Kunjungan Lebah Tetragonula laeviceps Pada Bunga Bawang Merah (Allium cepa L.)
Abstract
Bawang merah (Allium cepa L.: Amaryllidaceae) merupakan komoditas nasional yang dapat menunjang perekonomian Indonesia. Kabupaten Brebes adalah salah satu daerah penghasil bawang merah di Indonesia. Petani di Kabupaten Brebes mengandalkan pestisida untuk mengendalikan hama yang dapat menurunkan keanekaragaman arthropoda. Penelitian bertujuan menganalisis keanekaragaman arthropoda pengunjung, dan mengukur aktivitas serta pollen load lebah T. laeviceps pada tanaman bawang merah. Pengamatan aktivitas kunjungan menggunakan metode focal sampling dan pengamatan keanekaragaman arthropoda pengunjung dengan scan sampling. Aktivitas kunjungan yang diamati adalah jumlah individu dan spesies arthropoda pengunjung, jumlah bunga dikunjungi per menit, dan durasi kunjungan per bunga. Hubungan faktor lingkungan dengan aktivitas kunjungan dianalisis dengan korelasi Pearson. Arthropoda pengunjung bunga bawang merah adalah Hesperiid sp. (Lepidoptera), Eurema sp. (Pieridae), Vespa sp. (Vespidae), Oxyopes sp. Araneae, Chrysopa sp., (Neuroptera), larva Lepidoptera dan nyamuk (Diptera). Durasi kunjungan T. laeviceps berkisar 58 – 88 detik per bunga dengan mengunjungi 1.1 – 1.3 bunga per menit. Pollen load T. laeviceps pada tanaman bawang merah dalam kurungan lebih banyak (78250 butir) dibandingkan di lahan terbuka (52500 butir). Kata Kunci : Bawang merah, aktivitas kunjungan, keanekaragaman, pollen load, stingless bee Shallots (Allium cepa L.: Amaryllidaceae) is a national commodity that can support the Indonesian economy. Brebes Regency is one of the center production of shallots in Indonesia. Farmers in Brebes Regency use a pesticides to control pests that can reduce the diversity of arthropods. The aims of the study was to analyze the diversity of flower-visiting arthropods and to measure the visiting activity and pollen load of T. laeviceps on shallot. Observation of T. laeviceps visiting activity used focal sampling method and the diversity of arthropods was observed by using scan sampling. Visiting activities observed were the number of individuals and the species, the number of flowers visited per minute, and the duration of visits per flower. The relationship between environmental parameters and visiting activities was analyzed by Pearson correlation. Flower-visiting arthropods of shallot were Hesperiid sp. (Lepidoptera), Eurema sp. (Pieridae), Vespa sp. (Vespidae), Oxyopes sp., Araneae, Chrysopa sp. (Neuroptera), lepidopteran larvae and mosquitoes (Diptera). The visit duration of T. laeviceps ranged from 58 to 88 seconds per flower and the number of flowers visited was 1.1 – 1.3 flowers per minute. Pollen load of T. laeviceps in caged plants was higher (78250 pollen grains) than in open area (52500 pollen grains). Keywords: Diversity, pollen load, shallots, stingless bee, visiting activities
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- UT - Biology [2145]