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      Analisis Saluran Pemasaran dan Biaya Transaksi Usahatani Tembakau (Studi Kasus: Desa Sukabumi, Kecamatan Cepogo, Kabupaten Boyolali)

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      Date
      2022-06
      Author
      Widyaningsih, Hesti
      Novindra
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      Abstract
      Usahatani tembakau rajangan menarik dalam hal pemasaran, banyak dijumpai lembaga pemasaran sehingga saluran pemasaran yang dilalui oleh petani berbeda-beda. Petani tidak mengetahui secara pasti kualitas tembakau yang dihasilkan sehingga petani berada pada posisi tawar yang kurang menguntungkan. Selain itu, petani cenderung mengabaikan biaya transaksi dalam usahataninya. Padahal biaya transaksi dapat mengurangi pendapatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengidentifikasi saluran dan fungsi pemasaran tembakau, (2) menganalisis efisiensi saluran pemasaran tembakau dan (3) menganalisis struktur biaya transaksi usahatani tembakau. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis deskriptif kualitatif, analisis marjin pemasaran, farmer’s share, rasio keuntungan terhadap biaya pemasaran dan analisis biaya transaksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 4 saluran pemasaran yaitu: saluran pemasaran 1 (petani-perusahaan mitra), saluran pemasaran 2 (petani-pedagang pengumpul desa-pedagang besar-perwakilan pabrik), saluran pemasaran 3 (petani-pedagang besar-perwakilan pabrik), dan saluran pemasaran 4 (petani-perwakilan pabrik). fungsi pemasaran pada setiap lembaga pemasaran meliputi fungsi pertukaran, fungsi fisik, dan fungsi fasilitas. saluran pemasaran yang paling efisien adalah saluran pemasaran 4 dengan marjin pemasaran sebesar Rp 0 per kg, farmer’s share sebesar 100 persen, dan nilai rasio keuntungan terhadap biaya pemasaran sebesar 5,98. Jenis biaya transaksi usahatani tembakau terdiri atas biaya pencarian informasi, biaya negosiasi, biaya koordinasi, biaya pelaksanaan, biaya monitoring, dan biaya risiko. Jumlah rata-rata biaya transaksi yang terbentuk yaitu Rp 824.430.
       
      Slicing tobacco farming is interesting topic regarding of marketing, many marketing institutions are found so the marketing channels that are traversed by farmers are different. Farmers do not know for sure the quality of the tobacco produced so that farmers are in a less profitable bargaining position. In addition, farmers tend to ignore transaction costs in their farming. Though transaction costs can reduce revenue. This research aims to (1) identify tobacco marketing channels and functions, (2) analyze the efficiency of tobacco marketing channels and (3) analyze the transaction cost structure of tobacco farming. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative analysis, marketing margin analysis, farmer's share, profit to cost ratio and transaction cost analysis. The results of the research show there are four marketing channels, which is: marketing channel 1 (farmers partner companies), marketing channel 2 (farmers-traders of village collectors wholesale traders-factory representatives), marketing channel 3 (farmers wholesalers-factory representatives), and marketing channels 4 (farmer-factory representative). The marketing function in each marketing agency includes the exchange function, physical function, and facilities function. The most efficient marketing channel is marketing channel 4 with a marketing margin of 0 IDR/kg, farmer's share of 100 percent, and the value of the profit-to-cost ratio of 5.98. Types of transaction costs for tobacco farming consist of information seeking costs, negotiation costs, coordination costs, implementation costs, monitoring costs, and risk costs. The average amount of transaction fees formed is IDR 824,430.
       
      URI
      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/112121
      Collections
      • UT - Resources and Environmental Economic [2339]

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