Karakter Morfofisiologi, Mutu, dan Fisikokimia Beras dari Lima Varietas Padi dengan Pupuk Organik Diperkaya Mikrob

Abstract

The excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in rice cultivation has an impact on the degradation of agricultural land. The role of microbial enriched organic fertilizer as a source of soil organic matter is an option in overcoming land degradation and decreasing crop productivity. Microbes such as Azospirillium, Azotobacter, Bacillus, and Pseudomonas can increase the availability of soil nutrients so that plants quickly absorb them. This study aims to determine the morphology, physiological character, quality, and physicochemical of five rice varieties with various doses of microbial-enriched organic fertilizer, and to determine the optimum dose of microbial-enriched organic fertilizer for each rice genotype. This research was carried out from July 2020 to January 2021 at the Sawah Baru Experimental Site, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, and from March 2021 to September 2021 at the Laboratory of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, IPB University. The experiment was carried out using a Split-plot Design with 3 replications. The main plots were doses of organic fertilizer enriched with microbes consisted of 0, 10, 20, and 30 tons ha-1 , and the sub-plots, namely rice varieties including IPB 3S (a new type of rice), Inpari 24 (brown rice inbred), Hipa 18 (hybrid), Inpari 32 (new high yielding variety), and Tarabas (japonica). The data were analyzed using Analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed with the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that the application of microbial-enriched organic fertilizer significantly increased plant height, number of tillers, root dry weight, shoot dry weight, leaf greenness, number of grain per panicle, and productive tillers. Applying 30 tons ha-1 of organic fertilizer can increase dry grain weight per plant by 25.78%. The yield of grain produced after applying 10 to 30 tons ha-1 of organic fertilizer increased by 12.91% to 32.5%. The application of organic fertilizer up to 30 tons ha-1 still increase grain productivity per hectare therefore the optimum dose for microbial-enriched organic fertilizer cannot be determined yet. Physicochemical analysis showed that the application of microbial-enriched organic fertilizer resulted in rice yields ranging from 64.6 to 64.9%. Inpari 24 (brown rice inbred) and Tarabas (japonica rice) had the lowest amylose content. The results of the cooking properties analysis showed that Inpari 24 had moderate gel consistency. Consumer preferences from organoleptic test results liked the color, aroma, taste, and texture of rice at all doses of microbial enriched organic fertilizer and the five rice varieties.