Komunitas Serangga Akuatik di Beberapa Air Terjun Gunung Halimun Salak dan Babakan Madang

Abstract

Air terjun Gunung Halimun Salak dan Babakan Madang merupakan sumber air yang sangat penting bagi masyarakat Bogor. Kualitas air di tempat tersebut perlu dijaga dengan baik melalui monitoring lingkungan menggunakan bioindikator serangga akuatik. Ordo EPT (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, dan Trichoptera) paling umum digunakan sebagai bioindikator karena kelompok serangga tersebut sering dijumpai di perairan bersih dan sangat sensitif terhadap perubahan faktor fisikokimia perairan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi dan membandingkan komunitas serangga akuatik di beberapa air terjun Gunung Halimun Salak dan Babakan Madang serta menentukan kualitas perairan berdasarkan komunitas serangga akuatiknya. Metode yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling pada jalur transek sepanjang 10 m dari titik nol sekitar + 15 m dari air terjun. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan di 3 stasiun pengamatan Gunung Halimun Salak dan Babakan Madang sebanyak 3 kali ulangan. Sampel serangga akuatik diambil menggunakan hand net berukuran 30 x 30 cm dan disimpan dalam botol sampel yang berisi alkohol 70%. Parameter lingkungan yang diambil berupa kelembaban relatif, suhu air, TDS (total dissolve solid), kecepatan arus, dan pH air. Sampel diidentifikasi menggunakan mikroskop stereo, buku identifikasi, dan Aplikasi Waterbug. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan Indeks Keanekaragaman Shannon-Wienner, kelimpahan EPT, NMDS, dan Indeks BMWP-ASPT. Jumlah individu serangga akuatik lebih banyak ditemukan di air terjun Babakan Madang, namun keanekaragaman serangga akuatik lebih tinggi di air terjun Gunung Halimun Salak. Kelimpahan EPT didominasi oleh Famili Baetidae. NMDS Ordination menunjukkan persebaran famili di 6 stasiun pengamatan. Berdasarkan pengukuran Indeks BMWP-ASPT, Air terjun Gunung Halimun Salak dan Babakan Madang memiliki kualitas air tercemar sedang.

The waterfalls of Mount Halimun Salak and Babakan Madang are very important water sources for the people of Bogor. Water quality in these places needs to be properly maintained through environmental monitoring using aquatic insect bioindicators. The orders EPT (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera) are most commonly used as bioindicators because these insect groups are often found in clean waters and are very sensitive to changes in water physicochemical factors. Therefore, this study aims to identify and compare aquatic insect communities in several waterfalls of Mount Halimun Salak and Babakan Madang and determine water quality based on the aquatic insect community. The method used is purposive sampling on a 10 m long transect from the zero point around + 15 m from the waterfall. Sampling was carried out at 3 observation stations of Mount Halimun Salak and Babakan Madang with 3 replications. Aquatic insect samples were taken using a hand net measuring 30 x 30 cm and stored in a sample bottle containing 70% alcohol. Environmental parameters taken in the form of relative humidity, water temperature, TDS (total dissolve solid), current velocity, and water pH. Samples were identified using a stereo microscope, identification book, and the Waterbug Application. Data analysis was performed using the Shannon-Wienner Diversity Index, EPT abundance, NMDS, and BMWP-ASPT Index. The number of individual aquatic insects was more found in Babakan Madang waterfall, but the diversity of aquatic insects was higher in Mount Halimun Salak waterfall. The abundance of EPT is dominated by the Baetidae Family. NMDS Ordination shows the distribution of families in 6 observation stations. Based on the measurement of the BMWP-ASPT Index, the Mount Halimun Salak and Babakan Madang waterfalls have moderately polluted water quality.