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      Zat Ekstraktif Kayu Gliricidia sepium, Calliandra calothyrsus, dan Leucaena leucocephala serta Pengaruhnya terhadap Peningkatan Nilai Kalor Biomassa

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      Date
      2022
      Author
      Mauladdini, Rahmi
      Syafii, Wasrin
      Nawawi, Deded Sarip
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      Abstract
      Zat ekstraktif kayu merupakan komponen kimia kayu yang memiliki nilai kalor paling tinggi dibandingkan dengan komponen kimia kayu lainnya. Kadar dan jenis zat ekstraktif kayu beragam antar jenis, pada jenis yang sama, bagian pohon, dan bagian kayu, serta dapat berpengaruh terhadap sifat dan penggunaan kayu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi zat ekstraktif tiga jenis kayu yaitu gamal (Gliricidia sepium Jacq.), kaliandra merah (Calliandra calothyrsus Meissn.) dan lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala Lam.) yang berpengaruh terhadap nilai kalor. Pengaruh zat ekstraktif terhadap nilai kalor kayu diuji melalui pengukuran nilai kalor sampel kayu sebelum dan setelah diekstraksi dengan pelarut etanol-benzena (1:2). Pengaruh zat ekstraktif terhadap nilai kalor dibuktikan dengan mengukur perubahan nilai kalor biomassa sawit setelah penambahan zat ekstraktif. Identifikasi kelompok zat ekstraktif yang diduga berpengaruh terhadap nilai kalor dianalisis melalui analisis fitokimia kualitatif dan LC-MS/MS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai kalor ketiga jenis kayu yang diekstraksi dengan etanol-benzena (1:2) menurun 2,62-6,70%. Penambahan zat ekstraktif ketiga jenis kayu pada biomassa sawit sebanyak 5% meningkatkan nilai kalor sebesar 5,86-10,33%. Hal tersebut mengkonfirmasi bahwa zat ekstraktif terlarut etanol-benzena (1:2) berpengaruh positif terhadap nilai kalor biomassa. Hasil analisis LC-MS/MS terhadap zat ekstraktif yang berpengaruh paling tinggi (zat ekstraktif kulit kayu gamal terlarut n-heksana) menunjukkan bahwa senyawa dominan yang teridentifikasi adalah terpenoid, yang merupakan kelompok zat ekstraktif bersifat non-polar.
       
      Wood extractive is a chemical component of wood with a high calorific value. The content and types of wood extractives vary between species, within the same species, tree parts, and wood parts, affecting the properties and utilization of wood. This study aims to identify extractives of three species of wood, namely Gliricidia sepium Jacq., Calliandra calothyrsus Meissn. and Leucaena leucocephala Lam., affecting the calorific value. The effect of extractives on the calorific value of wood was tested by measuring wood samples before and after extraction using ethanol-benzene solvent (1:2). The effect of extractives was confirmed by measuring the calorific value of oil palm biomass to which extractives were added. Furthermore, extractives with the highest effect were analyzed through qualitative phytochemical analysis and LC-MS/MS. The results showed that the calorific value of three wood species extracted by ethanol benzene (1:2) decreased 2.62 to 6.70%. The addition of extractives to the oil palm biomass as much as 5% increased the calorific value by 5.86-10.33%. This phenomenom confirms that the ethanol-benzene (1:2) soluble extractive has a positive effect on the calorific value of the biomass. LC-MS/MS analysis on extractives with a significant effect (n-hexane soluble gamal bark extracts) showed that the dominant compound identified were terpenoids which are a group of non-polar extractives.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/111860
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      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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